基于授权理论的护理人员职业稳定性影响机制模型研究

In recent years，the poor professional stability and high turnover rate of the nursing staff cause the aggravation of the nursing shortage as well as the decline of medical service quality and patients' satisfaction, which presents new challenges to public policymaking. It is therefore one of the burning problems to explore the influencing factors of professional stability and come up with some improving strategies. The previous researches have proved that empowerment has significant influence on professional nursing practice environment, nurses’ organizational commitment，and job burnout. As an important field of organizational behavior and leadership theory，empowerment has attracted the attention of medical institutions and nurse managers.This issue puts forward the hypothesis that empowerment has positive effect on professional stability for nursing staff. The depth interview，system research and mathematical statistical analysis methods will be used to analyze the main influencing factors of professional stability for nursing staff，and an influencing mechanism model will be built based on empowerment theory. Targeted interventions will be designed with the assistance of structural equation modeling，and improved by empirical study. In conclusion，this study can provide theoretical support for the stabilization of the nursing staff，the improvement of medical service quality and the policymaking of the government.

医疗服务质量是社会公共组织效能重要内容之一。近年来，护理人员职业稳定性差、离职率高，导致护士短缺加重、医疗服务质量及患者满意度下降，对公共政策制定提出新的挑战。探究影响护理人员职业稳定性的关键因素并建立改进策略是亟待解决的问题。国外文献及课题组前期研究表明：授权对专业护理实践环境、护士组织承诺、职业倦怠等有显著影响。授权作为组织行为学和领导理论的重要领域，受到医疗机构和护理管理者高度重视。本课题拟提出授权管理对护理人员职业稳定性有正向影响的假设，通过深度访谈和系统调研，结合数理统计方法，剖析影响护理人员职业稳定性的主要因素，构建基于授权理论的护理人员职业稳定性影响机制模型，借助结构方程模型揭示授权管理对护理人员职业稳定性的影响机制。据此，设计一套基于授权理论的有效提高护理人员职业稳定性的行为学干预策略与方法，通过实证研究加以完善，为稳定护理队伍、提高医疗服务质量和政府制定政策提供理论支持。

本课题针对目前我国护理人员严重短缺和高离职率的现状，以提高护理人员职业稳定性为目标，拟提出授权管理对护理人员职业稳定性有正向影响的假设，剖析影响护理人员职业稳定性的主要因素，构建基于授权理论的护理人员职业稳定性影响机制模型，设计一套基于授权理论的有效提高护理人员职业稳定性的行为学干预策略，通过实证研究加以完善。为稳定护理队伍、提高医疗服务质量提供新思路和新方法，为政府公共管理政策的制定和修订提供理论支持。