中国城市的地方政府治理对公共服务提供机制的影响研究

Residents in different communities have different levels of access to public services. Public choice theory argues that households with heterogeneous preferences of tax and public services would vote by their feet to choose the jurisdictions with their favorable package of public services and taxes. Therefore, disparities in public service accessibility are benign, and fragmented local governments could be efficient for public service providing and generate higher satisfaction. In contrast, the social stratification‐government inequality.thesis maintains that fragmented governance can institutionalize the hierarchical nature of residential structure by promoting and protecting unequal distribution of public resources. Since these perspectives are mainly based on experiences of “free” housing markets and unrestricted mobility of residents under western democratic systems, they do not speak directly to a transitional‐socialist economy with very unique and complicated political and household registration systems in China. Under this theoretical background, this study examines the effect of local governments on public service provision across Chinese cities. Using data from Le Zhi Real Estate Market Research and Consulting Co., Ltd., CHFS, China Census statistics, China county-level governments’ fiscal statistics, and China city statistics yearbook, Census statistics, this study examines three research questions: effect of public services on residents’ quality of life; effects of local governments’ investments on public services provision; effects of local governments structure on public services disparity. Spatial analysis and multilevel regression modeling are employed in the study. The results will reveal the extent to which market forces, government fragmentation and decentralization, and other institutional factors have transformed housing markets and public service provision, and hence disparities of public service accessibility among residents with different socioeconomic status. The findings will not only advance our understanding of governments’ role in socioeconomic stratification, but also provide significant policy implications for equal distribution of public services in a socially and economically polarized globalizing city.

居住隔离和与之相关的公共服务分布不均衡是引起发达国家“城市危机”的根源。党的十八大提出我国新型城镇化的目标是“让广大人民共同分享城镇化成果”。这促使我思考我国地方政府管理对城市公共服务提供机制以及均衡分布的影响。我国不同于西方发达国家的行政体制和社会背景使得现有西方理论只能为相关问题提供有限的理论指导。本项目在对大样本数据进行多层线性回归分析和空间分析的基础上，研究三方面内容：（1），公共服务对城市居民生活质量的影响；（2），地方政府投资对公共服务供给的影响；（3），如何通过调整地方政府治理结构来公平地提供公共服务。这项研究会为我国在快速城镇化进程中防止“城市危机”提供政策指导；也会促进现有西方理论的本土化。

居住隔离和与之相关的公共服务分布不均衡是引起发达国家“城市危机”的根源。党的十.八大提出我国新型城镇化的目标是“让广大人民共同分享城镇化成果”。这促使我思考我国地方政府管理对城市公共服务提供机制以及均衡分布的影响。我国不同于西方发达国家的行政体制和社会背景使得现有西方理论只能为相关问题提供有限的理论指导。本项目在对大样本数据进行多层线性回归分析和空间分析的基础上，研究三方面内容：（1），公共服务对城市居民生活质量的影响；（2），地方政府投资对公共服务供给的影响；（3），如何通过调整地方政府治理结构来公平地提供公共服务。这项研究的主要成果表现为高质量的SSCI索引的论文发表。这项研究为我国在快速城镇化进程中防止“城市危机”提供政策指导；也有利于进现有西方理论的本土化。