水滑石/天然防污分子环境自适应控释体系的构建及防污性能研究

It is well known that biofouling is harmful to human exploring marine resource, while two problems exist in the widely used antifouling materials: short lifetime and environment-unfriendly. Now, it has been attracted much attention to develop antifouling materials with long-term activity and environment-friendly. In this work, a controlled release system based on natural function molecules intercalated into layered double hydroxides (LDH)is constructed in order to solve the problems above. The rules for release rate of antifouling molecule intercalated into the LDH matrix are studied, which is influenced by the components and charge density of LDH and environmental temperature, and the release kinetics of antifouling molecule from the LDH will be revealed. The release rate of the antifouling molecule is controllable with the variation of environmental temperature via changing the two parameters: the components and charge density in LDH matrix, so as to optimal the components of LDH and establish an approach for self-regulating the release rate of antifouling molecule with the changes of temperature, finally. The antifouling performance of the controlled release system is carried out in laboratory. Therefore, it is significance in this work for introducing the controlled release system to develop antifouling materials with long-term activity and environment-friendly.

海洋生物污损给人类从事海洋活动带来严重的危害，而目前人们应用广泛的防污材料普遍存在使用寿命较短和对环境不友好等问题。因此，基于经济和环保的要求，发展长效、环境友好的防污材料和相关技术成为该领域的研究热点。针对上述问题，本项目提出以阴离子层状材料水滑石（LDH）为主体，天然防污分子为客体，实现客体对主体的插层组装，构建LDH/天然防污分子控释体系；研究LDH主体材料的元素组成、电荷密度以及环境温度对防污分子释放的影响规律，并揭示防污分子释放的动力学过程；通过调控LDH的元素组成及电荷密度，实现其对防污分子释放速率随温度变化的自适应调控，并建立LDH随温度变化控释的最优组分构成及控制设计方法；评价该控释体系的防生物污损性能。本项目研究工作为开发长效、环保新型防污材料领域的研究提供一种新方法和思路，具有重要的理论价值和应用前景。

本项目利用LDHs“分子容器”特点和层间离子可交换性质，成功制备防污剂PAS与不同金属元素组成和电荷密度LDHs插层组装的复合材料，系统研究了复合材料随温度变化对防污剂释放的自适应调控技术及防污性能，为开发长效防污材料提供了新的实现途径。（1）实现了Mg2Al-PAS-LDH复合材料随温度变化对防污剂PAS释放速率的自适应控制，并且在不同温度条件下都对石莼孢子表现出明显的附着抑制作用。（2）成功以防污剂PAS插层Zn2Al-LDH的复合材料制备了控释防污涂层，并且该涂层有效地提高了防污剂利用率，延长防污涂料的使用寿命。（3）我们基于有机硅-丙烯酸酯共聚物和有机胺成功制备了蜂巢状微结构表面，并且通过改变聚合物的硅丙比、有机胺种类和浓度等参数对蜂巢状微结构进行调控。该微结构表面与光滑表面相比，具有明显的防污优势。（4）介绍了一种新的三元LDHs薄膜制备方法，为拓展LDHs薄膜在防腐、防污、催化以及吸附等领域的应用奠定基础。