层间距可控的高离子迁移效率石墨烯基薄膜电极储能性能研究

The development of advanced electrodes with high volumetric capacitance is essential for the miniaturization of next-generation supercapacitors. Current electrode materials are mainly constructed by porous structure, the abundant pores inside the electrode can seriously influence the electrode density, thus result in low volumetric capacitance of the electrodes. It is essential to precisely control the structure and pore distribution inside the electrode to form electrolyte ions diffusion pathway, while remain a relatively high density of the electrode. Here, we expect to fabricate a high density and high volumetric capacitance graphene-based membrane electrode, which utilize the polyaniline in situ grown on graphene sheets as a spacer to form the ions diffusion path. The influence of the polyaniline growth density and height on graphene sheets will studied by controlling the experimental parameters during in situ polymerization process. The porous structure formed inside the graphene/polyaniline hybrid membrane will adjusted by the graphene sheets with different polyaniline structure. The ion diffusion rate inside the graphene/polyaniline hybrid membrane as well as its relationship with the porous structure of the membrane will also be studied. This study will pave a way for the advanced high volumetric capacitance, high density graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes.

高体积比容量新型电极材料的开发对超级电容器的小型化、高容量化具有重要的意义。当前电极材料多为疏松三维结构，电极内部空间浪费严重，导致电极密度低，影响电极体积比容量。通过控制电极材料内部的微孔结构，构造电解液离子迁移通道，同时保留较高的电极密度，是制备高密度、高体积比容量电极的关键。基于此，本项目提出利用聚苯胺纳米锥插层石墨烯薄膜、构建离子迁移通道、制备高体积比容量致密电极薄膜的研究思路。通过研究聚苯胺在石墨烯表面的可控聚合，阐明石墨烯片层表面聚苯胺原位生长密度及高度的调变规律；通过考察聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的自组装行为，研究聚苯胺密度、高度及成膜条件对复合薄膜层间距与层间微纳结构的调控机制；通过研究聚苯胺/石墨烯复合薄膜内部微纳结构与离子迁移效率的调变关系，探明层状薄膜材料内部离子迁移强化机制。研究结果将为设计和制备高体积比容量、高密度新型复合薄膜电极奠定理论基础。

高体积比容量新型电极材料的开发对超级电容器的小型化、高容量化具有重要的意义。通过控制石墨烯复合材料内部微孔结构，构造电解液离子迁移通道，同时实现电子的高速迁移，是制备高性能电极材料的关键。基于此，本项目主要针对石墨烯基复合电极材料制备过程中所需的石墨烯纳米片可控制备、石墨烯片层规整度调控、聚合物负载与形貌调控、石墨烯复合材料表界面相互作用力强化等方面展开研究，具体内容如下：1、设计石墨烯纳米片层快速制备方法及石墨烯薄膜原位掺杂修饰方案，实现了石墨烯片层的快速剥离与原位氮掺杂、以及石墨烯片层的规整化设计；2、研究石墨烯聚合物插层致密薄膜的制备与复合薄膜传质强化，设计制备了不同插层材料、层间距可控的新型石墨烯复合薄膜；3、通过石墨烯基复合材料表界面相互作用力设计及电极内部传质强化，实现了石墨烯与金属纳米材料间相互作用力的强化与结构调控；4、通过多级微纳结构纳米复合材料界面结构设计与导电/传质强化，实现了三维碳基复合电极界面电子/离子迁移效率的协同提升。相关结果在SCI杂志发表高水平论文12篇。