功能基因视角下微生物厌氧消化木质纤维素原料微观机制研究

This project will focus on the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulose using functional genes as a new perspective of the process. Apart from material transformation, changing of microbial community and microbial ecology network, this approach will provide a useful supplement for comprehensive understanding of the process of anaerobic digestion. To achieve the stated aims, the project will be carried out in three different stages. Firstly, to describe the changes of functional genes during anaerobic digestion of straw, the abundance and expression level of microbial functional genes will be studied in anaerobic batch tests. Secondly, improve the anaerobic digestion performance by dividing the whole anaerobic digestion system into two or more functional stages according to the change rule of functional gene. Thirdly, improve the effect of anaerobic digestion by changing the abundance or the expression level of the functional gene through changing the environmental factors. This project is feasible both in theory and in practice.

本项目从功能基因的角度来研究微生物厌氧消化木质纤维素原料过程，区别于物质转化、微生物群落变化、微生物生态网络的研究角度，为更深入和全面认识微生物厌氧消化提供一个有益补充。本项目通过三个阶段进行，首先通过研究稻草厌氧消化批式实验中特征时间点功能基因的丰度及表达水平，描述微生物厌氧消化木质纤维素原料过程中功能基因的变化规律；其次根据功能基因变化规律将微生物厌氧消化过程分成两个或多个功能阶段，通过功能阶段分级的方法提高厌氧消化性能；最后通过改变环境因子影响功能基因丰度或表达水平，进而影响厌氧消化性能，通过调控功能基因丰度或表达水平提高厌氧消化性能。本项目具有理论上的可行性和实践上的可操作性。

厌氧消化是木质纤维素原料的重要利用途径，但其微观机理并未探明，且存在效率不高、转化率低等问题。本研究创新的从功能基因的角度对厌氧消化过程进行研究，揭示了木质纤维素原料厌氧消化过程中的物质转化规律、碳元素迁移规律、微生物群落演替规律和功能的演替规律，确定了在甲烷代谢过程中的优势通路和重要的中间产物，提出了厌氧消化功能阶段划分依据和判断厌氧消化进入稳定阶段的微观指标。在此基础上，通过阶段式厌氧消化和分级调控等手段，提高了木质纤维素原料厌氧消化的效率，并揭示了其微观机制。本研究为更深入和全面的认识微生物厌氧消化提供了有益的补充和功能基因层面的理论基础，也为提高木质纤维素原料厌氧消化效率提供了有效方法。