南海岛礁泻湖港池石油烃降解菌群的结构解析及其降解机理

As petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the major marine pollutants, microbial degradation has become the prevalent strategy towards the bioremediation of these pollutants in the marine environment. However, community structure of petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria consortium enriched from tropical island-reef seawater and its mechanisms regarding the cooperative microbial metabolisms of petroleum hydrocarbons at community-level are largely unknown. In this study, petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria will be enriched from the harbor basin of island-reef lagoon in the South China Sea. By integrating macro-genomics, macro-transcriptomics, molecular biology, and biochemical approaches, we propose to investigate the dynamics of the microbial community, degrading enzyme mRNA expression, and compound decay during the biodegradation process. This project aims to illuminate the dynamic coupling relationships between the structure/function of the microbial community and the biodegradation processes. Specifically, potential key-players and their contributions, as well as cooperative metabolisms of the microbial community during petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation will be revealed. Accordingly, the critical indigenous strains will be isolated, and an efficient petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria consortium will be constructed. This study will provide insight into the interaction mechanism of the microbial community in the process of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. Meanwhile, the identification and isolation of crucial indigenous degrading bacteria will significantly contribute to the bio-control and bioremediation of oil-spill pollution in the harbor basin of island-reef lagoon in the South China Sea.

石油烃已成为海洋的主要污染物之一，微生物降解是海洋环境石油烃污染物生物修复的主要途径。目前关于热带岛礁环境石油烃降解菌群对溢油过程中石油烃的群体代谢机理尚不清楚。本项目通过富集南海岛礁泻湖港池石油烃降解菌群，结合宏基因组学、宏转录组学、分子生物学和生物化学等方法研究石油烃降解过程中的菌群组成、降解酶基因和石油烃化合物代谢的时序变化。阐明菌群结构和功能与石油烃降解过程的耦合动态关系，解析降解过程中的关键种属及其发挥的作用，探讨关键微生物的互作关系。在降解菌群结构与功能认识的基础上筛选出岛礁泻湖港池石油烃降解关键土著菌株，构建高效石油烃降解菌群。本项目的开展对于认识石油烃降解过程中微生物的群体作用机制具有重要意义，同时获得的关键土著降解菌（群）对于南海岛礁泻湖港池溢油污染的微生物防治与生态修复具有重要的现实意义。

石油烃已成为海洋的主要污染物之一，微生物降解是海洋环境石油烃污染物生物修复的主要途径，然而目前关于石油烃降解的群体代谢机理尚不清楚。本项目以南海岛礁潟湖港池石油烃降解菌群为研究对象，通过微生物学、分子生物学和化学等多个学科的交叉研究，阐明了南海岛礁潟湖港池石油烃降解菌群的结构组成，以及在降解过程中与原油及其组分变化密切相关的微生物类群，探讨了关键微生物类群在降解过程中的功能。分离保藏了南海岛礁潟湖港池土著来源具有石油烃降解功能的海洋细菌26株，为该区域溢油污染的原位修复提供了宝贵的菌种资源。阐明了1株高效降解菌对石油烃的降解特性及其对多环芳烃菲的代谢途径；构建了1个高效降解菌群，探讨了混合菌协同代谢原油的机理。本项目研究成果深化了微生物群体代谢石油烃过程及其关键微生物互作关系的理解，同时获得的关键石油烃降解菌株（群）有助于南海岛礁潟湖港池溢油污染的微生物防治与生态修复，服务于南海岛礁生态建设。已发表SCI论文2篇，获授权发明专利1件。