世界槐属（豆科）的分类修订

This project, combining with evidence of phytogeographical distribution, deals with a worldwide taxonomic revision of Sophora L.(Leguminosae)by using its morphological, anatomical, palynological, chromosomal as well as DNA data. It is focused on studying key characteristics of four complex in Sophora L. and determining their related stable characters. Finally a worldwide monograph of the genus Sophora L. would be completed. The followings on main cores of this project are addressed: 1). Under the guidance of population concept, a biosystematics of four complex is to be made; 2). The circumscription and scope of the genus is determined; 3). An infra-generic level classifical system in the genus is proposed; 4).The patterns of distribution in the genus is interpreted; 5). An worldwide taxonomic monograph of Sophora L. is to be finished. The important meanings for carrying out this project are shown as follows: 1). As being one of the key representative of Papilionoideae in Leguminosae, the genus Sophora L. plays an important role in evolution of the subfamily. If a well known systematics of the genus is made, it will push a systematic study on the whole subfamily forward, especially for free stamen groups; 2). If a well known taxonomic treatment on the four complex is proposed, a reasonable evolution and systematics on the genus is to be exhibited; 3). Because Sophora L. belongs to important timber plants, a comprenhensive study on the genus makes people use its natural resources effective and benefit all of the society.

开展槐属形态学、解剖学、孢粉学、染色体及DNA测序等方面的研究工作，结合植物地理学证据，解决槐属的系统分类问题。重点以研究短绒槐复合体、沙生槐复合体、槐树复合体及厚果槐复合体为突破口，揭示槐属各类群关键性状的变异规律,确定相关的稳定性状，应用于槐属的分类鉴定，完成世界槐属的分类修订工作。拟解决以下几个核心问题：1）、以居群生物学思想为指导，重点研究短绒槐等4个复合体的物种生物学问题；2）、确定槐属的界限和范围；3）、探讨槐属属下等级的系统分类问题；4）、揭示槐属现代分布格局成因；5）、完成世界槐属的分类学修订专著。其意义在于：1）、豆科蝶形花亚科中具有"疑难杂症"的槐属分类问题的解决，有助于解决其所在亚科相关类群的系统演化关系；2）、槐属中复合体分类学问题的解决，有助于全面解决槐属的定界、范围以及属下系统分类及其演化问题；3)、槐属分类问题的解决，有助于充分开发槐属资源，为社会大众服务。

槐属[Sophora L.(s.l.)]隶属于豆科、蝶形花亚科、槐族植物，系统上处于该族的基部位置。分子资料显示，广义的槐属为多系类群。本项目发现属级新名称1个、种级新组合2个、归并新异名24个。应用形态学、解剖学、染色体及分子等综合资料将广义的槐属处理为Sophora L.（s.s.）属（狭义的）、Styphnolobium Schott属、Virgilia Poir属和Terberlandiana X. Y. Zhu属等4个独立属。上述分类处理不仅得到分子证据的支持，也获得细胞学证据的支持，木材解剖学资料支持 Styphnolobium Schott属与狭义Sophora L.(s.s.)属的薄壁组织细胞壁纹饰有着显著的差别。Sophora L.（s.s.）以花无小苞片区别于其他3属，含64种、3亚种和13变种，主要分布于欧洲东南部至亚洲中部、西部及东部，延伸至澳大利亚及太平洋地区，染色体2n=18, 21, 22和36；Styphnolobium Schott属以叶具小托叶区别于其余2属，含10种，主要分布于北、中美洲、墨西哥及中国中部和西部，日本亦有归化类群，染色体2n=28；Virgilia Poir以总状花序腋生区别于Terberlandiana X. Y. Zhu属，前者含7种，分布于南非，染色体2n=54，后者仅含1种，主要分布于美国南部的新墨西哥到德克萨斯、南延至墨西哥中部，染色体2n=18。槐属中形态变异复杂的4个复合体依次处理为：A、短绒槐复合体（Sophora velutina complex）具7个种、1个变种；B、沙生槐复合体(Sophora moorcroftiana complex)具1个种、2个变种；C、槐树复合体（Sophora flavescens complex）具7个种、2个亚种、6个变种；D、厚果槐复合体（Sophora pachycarpa complex）具2个种。Sophora L.(s.s.)属染色体分别为2n=18, 21, 22, 36,其分布应为染色体的起源和分化中心；Styphnolobium Schott属染色体为2n=28，稳定且一致； Virgilia Poir属染色体为2n=54,属于6倍体；Terberlandiana X. Y. Zhu属染色体2n=18，保存其原始倍性。