中国湍蛙属蛙类的分类与系统发育研究

The Asian ranid frogs of the genus Amolops inhabit swift torrents and the splash zone of mountain cascade streams throughout the Southeast Asia and South Asia, which is characterized by the peculiar ecologyical and morphological adaptation of adult and larval respectively to the cascade stream by the large abdominal sucker of larvae (tadpole) and the terminal sucker of the fingers and toes of adult, which are typical adaptive characteristics to torrent environment, so that they can survive and evolve in torrential stream and avoid being washed away. South China, especially Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China, brings together the Asian six different rivers, and the rivers and mountains are spacing alternately. With the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, mountain and water drainages had continuous development and evolution, and caused dramatic mountain cascades habitat，which in turn may produce wide space (and various habitat) for torrent frogs to survive and evolve, and have promoted abundant species diversity. About 20 torrent frogs (27 Amolops frogs in China) known by now to distribute in Hengduan Mountain areas, which accounts for 55% of total recorded torrent frogs of Amolops. This further shows torrent frogs are a perfect model of adaptation of the animal to the mountain cascades and deserves further research. Torrent frogs, however, as a whole group, has been a lack of system and integral field investigation, classification and systematically phylogenetic research. Therefore, this project intends to carry out a comprehensive research of Amolops frogs for field investigation, classification and phylogeny, so as to clarify the taxonomy and build the species relationships, understand the species diversity and their spacial distribution pattern, analyze the mechanism of the originating and forming process of the distribution pattern of the species diversity, further to explore different mutual relationships of the streams and mountains, as well as the evolution of the regional natural geographical environment.

湍蛙是栖息于东南亚和南亚山区湍流环境的蛙类，蝌蚪的腹吸盘和成体的指趾吸盘是对湍流环境适应的体现，借此不会被激流冲走，并维持生存和演化。中国南部尤其是西南横断山区，汇集了亚洲六大不同流向的河流水系，河流与山脉相间隔。随着青藏高原的隆升，山体和水系不断发育和演化，形成复杂多样的山区溪流环境，为湍蛙类提供了广阔的生存和演化空间，产生了丰富的物种多样性。横断山区约有20种湍蛙（中国记录27种），占全部已记录湍蛙类（51种）的55%，显示湍蛙类生存、演化与山地溪流环境密切相关，是物种适应并依赖环境而演化的典型，值得深入研究。然而，湍蛙类一直缺乏系统的野外调查、分类和系统演化研究，物种多样性及系统演化关系不清。为此，本项目拟开展全面系统的野外调查、分类和系统演化研究，澄清分类问题，构建亲缘关系，以掌握物种多样性及其分布格局并分析其成因，探讨该地区山脉和水系的演变及联系，以及区域自然地理环境的演变。

湍蛙是栖息于东南亚和南亚山区湍流环境的蛙类，蝌蚪的腹吸盘和成体的指趾吸盘是对湍流环境适应的体现，借此不会被激流冲走，并维持生存和演化。中国南部尤其是西南横断山区，汇集了亚洲六大不同流向的河流水系，河流与山脉相间隔。随着青藏高原的隆升，山体和水系不断发育和演化，形成复杂多样的山区溪流环境，为湍蛙类提供了广阔的生存和演化空间，产生了丰富的物种多样性。横断山区的湍蛙类，几乎占全部已记录湍蛙类的55%，显示湍蛙类生存、演化与山地溪流环境密切相关，是物种适应并依赖环境而演化的典型，值得深入研究。然而，湍蛙类一直缺乏系统的野外调查、分类和系统演化研究，物种多样性及系统演化关系不清。.为此，项目立足于中国湍蛙类物种，并尽可能将东南亚和南亚湍蛙类纳入,开展全面系统的野外调查、分类和系统演化研究。通过研究，发现湍蛙类新物种2种，即孟定湍蛙Amolops mengdingensis和团结湍蛙Amolops tuanjieensis，中国新记录物种2种，即Amolops daorum、Amolops iriodes，中国原记录的西域湍蛙Amolops afghanus应该改为克钦湍蛙，而西域湍蛙Amolops marmoratus未在国内分布；发现于云南的星空湍蛙Amolops caelumnoctis与越南北部的Amolops splendissimus为同一物种，崇安湍蛙Amolops chunganensis、华南湍蛙Amolops ricketti和山湍蛙Amolops monticola等分别为包含多个不同物种的物种复合体，实际包含不同的物种以及新物种，明确中国现有湍蛙类38种，均隶属于一属，包括本项目发现的2个新物种和2个新记录物种，并掌握物种多样性及其分布格局，结合国内外已知湍蛙类物种的DNA分子序列，以及本项目发现的其他疑似未命名的物种的分子序列，计算物种间的亲缘关系，构建系统发育系统树，分析湍蛙类物种系统演化机制。已有的研究结果表明作为亚洲特有蛙类的湍蛙类物种是伴随东南亚自然地理历史演变而起源和演化的，与区域造山运动、山脉形成、溪流和水系发育和演变息息相关，青藏高原抬升和横断山形成进一步加剧了山脉和水系的发育和分化，促进了适应山地溪流环境的湍蛙类物种的进一步分化，气候的周期性波动及其所造成的生态环境的分异也是促进湍蛙类分化的重要因素。