基于双分子标记的甘草属药用亲缘关系研究

In Chinese pharmacopoeia, there are three species of official medicinal glycyrrhiza plants which are Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.,G. inflata Bat. and G. glabra L.. The Glycyrrhiza medicinal plants have significant medicinal value, and they are also the important raw materials of many industries such as food industry, so that some species of them have been included in pharmacopoeias from many other countries. But the definition of the Glycyrrhiza medicinal plants is still unclear, leading to the disorder of drug use, which seriously affects the safety and efficiency of clinical medication. And because of the wide application and large exports, the glycyrrhiza plant resource is depleting now, so that we should find new medicinal plant resource as soon as possible. The research of genetic relationship is the way to solve this problem, and the double molecular markers can be the advanced theory and method to determine the genetic relationship. By using DNA molecular markers, the species in the world which have close genetic relationship with the three authentic species in Chinese pharmacopoeia can be identified; By detecting the chemical components and predicatively analyzing them in Glycyrrhiza plants, the close relative species having similar components and content with these three official glycyrrhiza plants can be found. Considering the good corporation between our research group and groups from other countries such as Kyrghyzstan as well as the foundation of the applicant's PhD., the research studies the genetic relationship of the genus Glycyrrhiza by double molecular markers, to discover the new close relative species having similar components and content with these three species in Chinese pharmacopoeia, finally to identify and determine the species that can be used as drug, which can find the new medicinal plant resource and solve the situation of the resource shortage of glycyrrhiza.

《中国药典》规定正品药用甘草有三种，分别为甘草属的甘草、胀果甘草和光果甘草。甘草属药用植物除具有重要药用价值外，还是食品等行业的重要原料，部分物种被多国收录到国家药典。但该属药用甘草系统分类不清，导致药用情况混乱，严重影响临床用药的安全性和有效性。由于甘草用途广出口量大，甘草资源日渐枯竭，资源问题亟待解决。亲缘关系研究是解决上述问题的基础，双分子标记技术是研究亲缘关系的先进理念和手段。通过DNA分子标记方法可确定世界范围内与三种药用甘草亲缘关系相近的种；通过化学成分分子方法，对甘草属植物进行快速预测分析，确定与三种药用甘草药用成分和含量相近的种。鉴于项目组与吉尔吉斯斯坦等国的良好合作关系及申请人博士期间的工作基础，本研究采用双分子标记法研究甘草属药用亲缘关系，明确与三种药用甘草亲缘关系相近且药用成分和含量也相近的近缘种，确定可作为药用甘草使用的物种，扩大新药源以解决甘草资源严重短缺的问题。

《中国药典》规定正品药用甘草有三种，分别为甘草属的甘草、胀果甘草和光果甘草。甘草属药用植物除具有重要药用价值外，还是食品、化妆品等行业的重要原料，部分物种被多国收录到国家药典。但目前存在甘草属植物系统分类不清，出现药用情况混乱，严重影响临床用药的安全性和有效性。由于甘草用途广、出口量大等原因，导致甘草资源日渐枯竭，因此甘草资源问题亟待解决。亲缘关系研究是解决上述问题的有效方法，而双分子标记技术是研究亲缘关系的先进理念和手段。本项目通过DNA分子标记方法和化学成分分子方法对收集到的世界范围内甘草属植物进行了分析，以此研究甘草属药用亲缘关系，明确与三种药用甘草亲缘关系相近且药用成分和含量也相近的近缘种，确定可作为药用甘草使用的物种，扩大新药源以解决甘草资源严重短缺的问题。本项目在实施的过程中培养硕士研究生2名（1名已毕业，1名今年即将毕业），本科生1名，已发表核心期刊文章3篇（2篇已发表，1篇已经录用），申请发明专利2项，参加相关学术交流6次。