旅游景区土地利用规划生态影响综合评价方法研究——以海南吊罗山、南丽湖为例

Integrative assessment method has always been a hot spot and a difficulty in the field of the ecological impact evaluation of a land-use planning, which mainly concerning the issues of assessing index, assessing criteria, and assessing model. Setting land-use planning ecological impact integrative assessment method as the research object, this research identifies the land-use ecological impact mechanism, determines the framework of assessing system, as well as the assessing index and the assessing criteria. Based on the data of Mount Diaoluo Tourism Area and helped by ArcGIS and Tablecurve 3D in simulating calculation, a quantitative assessing model that estimates the interactions between land use ecological impact factors and ecological impact degree is built. After comparing the result of this simulation model with the data from field, the model gets some modification. The proposed model is used to predict the land-use ecological impact in Mount Diaoluo, and then it is put into demonstrating application research in Lake Nanli, for the purpose of testing the feasibility and applicability. This research aims at establishing a practical and objective method system for comprehensively assessing the land-use planning ecological impact in tourism area, which would improve and perfect both the theoretical and methodological system of land-use planning ecological impact integrative assessment, as well as would provide useful experience for the environmental impact evaluation of other planning.

综合评价方法是土地利用规划生态影响评价研究的热点和难点。其集中在评价指标、评价标准和评价模型等方面。本项目以旅游景区土地利用规划生态影响综合评价方法为研究对象，从识别土地利用规划生态影响机制、构建评价系统框架模型入手，建立评价指标体系、评价标准体系，借助ArcGIS和Tablecurve 3D软件，对海南吊罗山旅游景区现状数据进行模拟计算，建立土地利用生态影响因素与生态影响程度相互关系的定量评价模型，将模拟计算结果与野外现场进行对照验证，修改完善定量评价模型。将建立的模型应用于吊罗山旅游景区土地利用规划生态影响预测评价研究，并在海南南丽湖景区进行示范应用研究，以检验综合评价方法的可行性和普适性。以期形成一个简明实用、可全面客观地对旅游景区土地利用规划生态影响进行综合评价的方法体系。其成果将完善、补充和发展旅游景区土地利用规划生态影响评价理论与方法体系，并为其他规划环境影响评价提供方法借鉴

生态影响综合评价方法是旅游景区土地利用规划环境影响评价研究的热点和难点。本项目：（1）分析和厘清了旅游景区土地利用规划生态影响的概念内涵、主要因素和运行机制，提出了综合评价系统框架模型，为这方面的研究提供了总体思路。（2）开展了旅游景区土地利用规划生态影响综合评价指标体系研究，构建了综合评价指标体系，包括目标层、系统层、要素层、指标层四个层次共38个具体指标，为此研究提供了系统完整的定量评价指标。（3）探索了旅游景区土地利用规划生态影响评价标准体系，提出了旅游景区旅游环境承载力应包括建设用地控制指标、人口（游客）总量控制指标、污染物排放总量控制指标等内容与方法，从旅游环境承载力角度为旅游景区土地利用生态影响评价提供了评价标准。（4）探索和构建了旅游景区规划环境影响综合评价理论与方法，包括规划目标评价、规划定位评价、规划发展规模评价、规划结构与空间布局评价等理论与方法，从战略和方法学角度为解决旅游景区规划环境影响综合评价问题提供了理论与方法支持，为旅游景区规划方案优化、选择和规划环评及环境保护管理提供了新的、可操作的途径。（5）以海南吊罗山旅游景区规划和南丽湖风景名胜区规划为实证研究对象开展应用研究，验证了建立的理论方法的可操作性和有效性。（6）出版了一部专著：《旅游景区规划环境影响评价》，该书在系统梳理和总结前人实践和研究的基础上，提出了旅游景区规划环境影响评价的重要科学问题，构建了旅游景区规划环境影响评价理论与方法体系，以海南吊罗山旅游景区为实证对象开展应用研究，验证了构建的理论方法的科学性、有效性和普适性，为全国旅游景区规划环境影响评价树立了研究范例。