感应电压叠加器中感应腔工作电压与驱动时序的关联性研究

The induction voltage adder (IVA) sums the electric pulses generated by the pulse forming sections with the aid of induction cavities which is able to produce a very high voltage output. In an ideal IVA, each induction cell is driven at the time when the electromagnetic wave transmitting from the upstream section arrives at this cell. On this condition, the operating voltage across each cell will be the same. However, the closing time of the high power switches in the pulse forming section will be variable from shot to shot. The driven timing sequence of the induction cavities can not meet the ideal timing sequence. This strongly influences the operating voltages of the induction cavities. This project aims to investigate the relationship between the operating voltages across the induction cavities and the driven timing sequence of the cells in the IVA. The circuit model of the non-linear elements including magnetic core and diode load will be proposed. A full circuit model denoting each element in the IVA will be developed which is also checked with the experimental results. The relationship between the driven timing sequence and the state of induction cavity will be analyzed. The general understanding of the relationship between each other is in expectation. This work is very useful to advance the designing performance of the IVA.

感应电压叠加器（IVA）利用电磁感应原理将初级驱动单元产生的多路电脉冲串联叠加，实现高压脉冲输出。对于一个理想的IVA驱动器，馈入相邻感应腔的脉冲的时间间隔应等于电磁波在两个感应腔之间的渡越时间，此时驱动器中每个感应腔工作状态完全一致。但由于初级驱动单元中高功率开关的导通时间存在一定的分散性，感应腔的驱动时序不可能完全满足理想叠加时序的要求，这会显著影响感应腔的工作电压。本项目拟详细分析驱动时序对感应腔工作电压的影响。首先解决以往IVA驱动器等效电路建模时，磁芯和二极管负载等非线性元器件模型过于简单的问题，然后研制描述IVA驱动器能量储存、压缩、传输，以及加载全过程的电路计算程序，基于实验结果验证电路计算程序，最后系统研究感应腔工作电压与驱动时序之间的关联性，获得两者之间关系的规律性结论。项目研究工作对于提升IVA驱动器设计水平具有重要意义。

本项目研制了描述能量在感应电压叠加装置中从电容器放电开始至加载到负载整个过程的电路计算程序，基于实验结果，校验了电路模拟程序的准确性。开展了单个感应腔放电驱动水电阻负载研究，实验和数值模拟结果均表明，某一路初级功率源单独放电，对应感应腔工作电压波形的幅值以及作用时间几乎与负载阻抗大小无关。进行了初级功率源提前和延迟较长时间工作以及二极管阻抗崩溃等状态下感应腔工作特性研究。结果表明，初级功率源提前较长时间导通，会在相应感应腔上产生幅值较高的正向电压脉冲；初级功率源延迟很长时间工作，则会在对应感应腔上出现幅值较高的反向电压脉冲；二极管阻抗较早崩溃，虽然显著降低了负载电压，但感应腔自身的工作电压并没有明显减小。