我国WMO/GAW本底站大气N2O浓度及特征研究

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases. It is a main way to study the global N2O sources/sinks by the analysis of atmospheric N2O mole fraction in large scale, temporal and spatial variation of regional sources/sinks, and long-distance transport using the background atmospheric N2O observation records. However, high-precision observation of atmospheric N2O in China is relative sparse. In this study, based on the single level atmospheric N2O measurement at the 4 World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO/GAW) background stations in China (Waliguan in Qinghai province, Shangdianzi in Beijing, Lin’an in Zhejiang province, and Longfengshan in Heilongjiang province), the data processing routine and quality control method will be invented, which is in the frame of WMO/GAW scientific activities. Another level measurement will be deployed at Waliguan and Lin’an station. The appropriate data filtering method for each station will be studied using the analysis of CO tracer observation during the same period, influence of local surface wind, and backward trajectories clustering. By extracting the well-mixed N2O information at the four stations, the characters of N2O variation and the affecting factors will be investigated and the regional/global representative will be preliminary studied, which will present the experiences and original data to the mechanism study of atmospheric N2O sources/sinks in China.

氧化亚氮（N2O）是几种主要温室气体之一，利用大气N2O本底观测资料，研究大尺度变化、源汇时空分布和长距离输送是认识全球N2O收支情况的一种重要手段，而我国在本底区域大气N2O高精度观测方面开展的研究较少。本研究将基于我国青海瓦里关、北京上甸子、浙江临安和黑龙江龙凤山4个世界气象组织/全球大气观测（WMO/GAW）本底站现有的单层大气N2O观测系统，结合WMO/GAW观测质量目标，研发观测数据的处理流程和质量控制方法；选择青海瓦里关和浙江临安站补充开展双层大气N2O浓度强化观测，辅以同期大气CO等示踪物资料，结合地面风局地影响和空气团后向轨迹长距离输送等手段，研究提出适用于各站浓度特征的本底/非本底数据筛分方法；提取各站混合均匀的本底N2O浓度信息，深入探讨我国本底区域大气N2O浓度变化特征和影响因素，初步探明其反映的全球和区域代表性，为在我国开展大气N2O源汇机制研究提供经验和基础数据。

氧化亚氮（N2O）是几种主要温室气体之一，利用大气N2O本底观测资料，研究大尺度变化、源汇时空分布和长距离输送是认识全球N2O收支情况的一种重要手段，而我国在本底区域大气N2O高精度观测方面开展的研究较少。项目组基于中国气象局本底观测网络，开展了本底大气N2O观测方法的开发研究，提出适用于我国本底浓度特征的N2O观测方法，并应用于我国本底大气N2O浓度高精度观测；结合其他温室气体观测资料，开展了观测数据筛分方法研究；在青海瓦里关和浙江临安开展N2O双层加密观测，分析两个不同本底站N2O的高低层差异；结合青海瓦里关站历史观测数据，开展N2O长期变化规律研究。通过项目的实施，提出一套适用于我国本底N2O浓度的高精度观测方法，观测结果参与世界气象组织/全球大气观测（WMO/GAW）观测质量考核，获得较好结果；通过在本底区域观测，初步掌握我国4个本底区域N2O浓度及异同；项目执行期间，发表科技论文8篇，其中SCI论文7篇，形成技术手册3份，正在申请专利3项，培养研究生1名。项目实施期间，项目组成员1人荣升正高级职称，1人荣升副高级职称，1名博士生顺利转入博士后流动站开展研究。基于观测资料，形成2015/2016两期《中国温室气体公报》，报送国务院并获得党和国家领导人批示。