太子参块根膨大规律及生理调控机制研究

The research on the Expansion regularity and physiological regulation mechanism of pseudostellaria Tuber root, not only can promote the Expansion rule and physiological regulatory mechanisms of pseudostellaria Tuber root, but also can guide the production of Pseudostellaria, shorten the production cycle, reduce production costs, improve the quality of the root, has important theoretical value and practical significance. The middle-altitude region of Guizhou which is the main producing area of Pseudostellaria is Selected as study area, the method which is combined outdoor field cultivation, indoor potted plants and large sample analysis is used in this experiment subject, in order to certain the swelling mechanism of pseudostellaria tuber root in plant tissue anatomy and the relations among different organs with the expansion process of Pseudostellaria tuber root, and master the law of development of pseudostellaria tuber root, reveal the endogenous hormone contents and variation during the growth and development of pseudostellaria tuber root, master the regulation and mechanism of plant growth regulators on the Expansion mechanism of pseudostellaria tuber root, to elucidate the relationship between the main ecological factors and the growth and accumulation of effective components of Pseudostellariae tuber root, through the research on the root growth and development rules of pseudostellaria tuber root, the research on the plant hormone monitoring during the development of pseudostellaria tuber root, the research on the changes of plant growth regulators in the Expansion process of pseudostellaria tuber root, and the research on the monitoring of each environmental factor in the Expansion process of pseudostellaria tuber root are carried out.

开展太子参块根膨大规律及生理调控机制的研究，不仅能增进对块根膨大规律和生理调控机制的了解，而且可以指导太子参生产，缩短生产周期，降低生产成本，提高块根的品质，具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。选择太子参的主产区贵州的中海拔地区为研究区域，采用室外大田栽培、室内盆栽和大量样品测试分析的方法，通过太子参块根生长发育规律研究，太子参块根发育过程中植物激素的监测研究，太子参块根膨大过程中植物生长调节剂的变化研究和太子参块根膨大过程中各环境因子的监测研究，探明太子参块根在植物组织解剖学上的膨大机理及太子参不同器官组织与根膨大过程的关系，进而掌握太子参块根的发育规律，揭示太子参块根生长发育过程中内源激素的含量和变化规律，掌握植物生长调节剂对太子参块根膨大机理的调节作用和机理，阐明主要环境因子与太子参块根膨大及有效成分积累的关系。

开展太子参块根膨大规律及生理调控机制的研究，不仅能增进对块根膨大规律和生理调控机制的了解，而且可以缩短生产周期，降低生产成本，提高块根的品质，具有重要的研究价值。通过太子参块根生长发育规律研究；太子参块根发育过程中植物激素的监测研究；太子参块根膨大过程中植物生长调节剂的变化研究和太子参块根膨大过程中各环境因子的监测研究；掌握了太子参块根的发育规律：太子参干物质积累量、地下部分体积、块根直径、块根长度、膨大块根数、叶片数、开花数、须根长度、株高等性状均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,各指标达到最大值的时间约在75-105 d,块根干物质积累量比地上部分出现峰值的时间晚15-30 d,而且,全株干物质积累会随着时间的推移逐渐向地下部位转移。揭示了太子参块根生长发育过程中内源激素含量的变化规律：在太子参膨大过程中，块根细胞分裂素（CTKs）逐渐增加，含量在7.42-410.70 ug/g·FW之间。块根赤霉素（GA）则在太子参块根膨大中期最多，呈现先增加后减少的趋势含量在24.41-142.67 ug/g·FW之间。生长素（IAA）含量在36.3841-57.59 ug/g·FW之间，变化较小。脱落酸（ABA）含量在1.12-1.91 ug/g·FW之间，在太子参块根膨大期含量变化最小。掌握了植物生长调节剂对太子参块根膨大机理的调节作用：不同生长调节剂对太子参产量、品质及矿质元素含量有一定影响。除了6-BA处理外，其它4种生长调节剂适当的浓度可增加太子参产量；各处理太子参水分、灰分和浸出物含量均达到2015版药典规定的标准；不同浓度处理的5种生长调节剂处理的矿质元素含量进行逐步回归分析，发现不同的生长调节剂影响不同的矿质营养吸收。明确了主要环境因子与太子参块根膨大及有效成分积累的关系：利用气温（T）、湿度(RH)、降水(Rain)、日照时数（Run）等气象资料和地温（ST），结合太子参生长与块根膨大干物质积累量进行逐步回归分析，结果表明，太子参干物质积累量和块根生长量与气温呈显著正回归关系，表明各环境因子中，气温对太子参生长影响最大。培养了6名研究生，申请了2项专利。