单发多收天线雷达低空目标检测方法研究

Detection of the low altitude target is a popular issue for radar early warning and surveillance. Radar encounters the interference of fierce clutter and multipath when detecting the low altitude target. However, study on the radar detection method for low altitude target by taking both clutter and multipath into account has somewhat elusive thus far. Aiming at enhancing the radar detection performance for low altitude target, this project investigates correlated issues on radar detection of low altitude targets in three aspects. The three aspects respectively are characteristics analysis and modeling, analysis of the influence mechanism and effect, detection methods investigation. In more detail, characteristics of the clutter and multipath is analyzed and modeled at first in this project, which can provide the mathematical model and simulated data for the analysis of influence mechanism and effect and detection methods investigation respectively. Then radar detection performance for low altitude target in clutter plus multipath environment is analyzed, and influence of clutter plus multipath on radar detection is presented. This provides significant reference for the radar detection methods investigation. Finally, radar detection methods for the low altitude target based on the single transmitting and multiple receiving antennas are proposed to enhance radar detection performance. The desirable research results of this project will provides significant guidance for the development, design and application of early warning and surveillance radar systems.

雷达低空目标检测是雷达预警、监视领域的热难点问题。雷达在检测低空目标时，同时面临着强杂波和多径散射双重干扰，而目前，同时考虑杂波与多径散射，研究雷达低空目标检测方法的相关工作尚未见公开报道。本项目以提高雷达低空目标检测性能为目的，从“特性分析与建模-影响机理与效果分析-检测方法研究”三个层面研究雷达低空目标检测涉及的相关问题。首先，对杂波与多径散射特性进行分析与建模，为后续影响机理与效果分析、检测方法研究提供数学模型与仿真数据支撑；然后，分析杂波+多径散射条件下雷达低空目标检测性能，揭示杂波+多径散射对雷达检测的影响实质和影响效果，为检测方法研究提供思想源泉；最后，基于单发多收体制，研究单发多收天线雷达低空目标检测方法，提高雷达低空目标检测性能。项目预期研究成果可为低空预警、监视雷达系统研制、设计与应用提供重要的理论指导。

本项目以雷达低空目标检测为背景，考虑雷达低空目标检测面临的杂波与多径散射环境，以提高雷达低空目标检测性能为目的，提出了单发多收天线雷达低空目标检测方法。首先，基于实测海杂波数据，分析了杂波的幅度分布、时间和空间相关性、极化比幅度和极化比相位差统计分布等特性，同时，分析了多径散射特性；在此基础上，通过理论推导和仿真实验，分析了杂波、多径散射、杂波+多径散射对雷达目标检测的影响效果；进而提出了单发多收天线雷达抗多径散射检测方法和基于正交投影的雷达低空目标检测方法，仿真实验和实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性。项目研究成果可为低空监视雷达系统设计与研制提供有力的理论支撑，具有较强的工程应用价值。