翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌遗传连锁图谱的构建及其杂交子代的生长QTL分析

Culter alburnus and Ancherythroculter nigrocauda are two important aquaculture fish in China. In recent years, it is necessary to cultivate new strain with fine trait to accelerate the development of aquaculture industry. So making researches into molecular marker-assisted breed technology is of important theoretical value and practical meaning. The main aims of this project are the construction of genetic linkage maps in Culter alburnus and Ancherythroculter nigrocauda and analysis growth traits QTL in Hybrid progeny between them, including (1) the development of microsatellite markers in genome and transcriptome of the two culter; (2) the construction linkage maps of the two culter, linking markers over 400; (3) analysis QTL of growth-related traits and investigating the application potential of these markers or QTL in the breeding of the culter. Through constructing linkage maps of Culter alburnus and Ancherythroculter nigrocauda and analysis the growth traits QTL, it provide theoretical basis and technology method for the development of the marker-assisted breeding technology system and the breeding new strain culter.

翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌是我国两种重要的淡水养殖鱼类，近年来随着养殖产业的发展，亟需培育具有优良性状的鲌新品种，因此积极开展分子标记辅助育种技术研究具有重要的理论价值与实践意义。本项目的主要目的是构建翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌遗传连锁图谱并分析其杂交子代的生长QTL,内容包括：（1）在两种鲌的基因组和转录组中开发微卫星标记；（2）构建两种鲌的遗传连锁图谱，连锁标记在400以上；（3）分析杂交子代的生长QTL，探讨这些标记或QTL在鲌良种选育中的应用潜力。通过构建翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌遗传连锁图谱并筛选与生长相关的QTL，为发展分子标记辅助育种技术体系、培育优良的鲌新品种提供理论依据和技术方法。

翘嘴鲌是我国养殖范围较广的重要经济鱼类。黑尾近红鲌是位于我国长江中上游江段的特有土著鱼类。在动物育种中QTL作图是揭示影响经济性状潜在基因的有力工具。本研究中，我们利用简化基因组测序SLAF手段分别在翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌F1家系的中构建了一张高密度遗传连锁图谱。在翘嘴鲌中，依据24个连锁群，总长3749.4cM以及标记间距0.92cM的遗传图谱，我们共定位了39个与全长、体长、体高和体重相关的QTL。这些QTL解释25.1%到45.9%的表型变异。在黑尾近红鲌中，依据24个连锁群，总长3839.4cM以及标记间距0.82cM的遗传图谱，我们共定位了51个与全长、体长、体高和体重相关的QTL。这些QTL解释27.1%到49.9%的表型变异。本研究的结果对于翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌生长的主效QTL以及候选基因的研究非常有意义，进一步为比较基因组研究、基因组组装和标记辅助育种打下基础。