紫薇毡蚧寄生蜂群落关系研究

As one of the most diverse taxa on earth, parasitoids play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem equilibrium and biodiversity due to their unique parasitic behaviors. Many studies have examined the relationships of parasitoids and their hosts from the perspective of evolutionary arms races or co-evolution. However, most of these studies have focused on single host–single parasitoid or single host–multiple parasitoid relationships within limited geographic areas, and even fewer have investigated the dynamics of entire host-parasitoid communities. The wide distribution of the scale insect, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae, combined with its multiple parasitoids and guardian ant species, make this the ideal host species for exploring the relationships between host and parasitoid communities. Here, we propose to investigate the influence of host population genetic differentiation, gut microbial diversity, and guarding ant species on the parasitoid communities attacking this host across its distribution. This study will fill crucial knowledge gaps in our understanding of how parasitoid communities are structured while also building foundational background data to help inform biocontrol efforts on A. lagerstroemiae in regions where it is invasive.

作为地球上物种最为丰富的类群之一，寄生蜂由于其独特的寄生习性，在维持生态系统平衡和物种多样性方面起着至关重要的作用。寄主-寄生蜂关系是探讨寄生蜂物种形成与协同进化等研究的基础。目前，大多数寄主-寄生蜂关系仅限于单寄主-单寄生蜂或局部地理范围内的寄主-寄生蜂研究，鲜有在大尺度的对寄主-寄生蜂群落的研究。紫薇毡蚧（Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae）在我国广泛分布、拥有众多寄生蜂和看护蚂蚁等特点是研究寄主-寄生蜂群落的理想体系。本研究拟通过大范围采样以及整合分类学手段，基于紫薇毡蚧-寄生蜂群落体系，探究寄主种群遗传差异、肠道微生物多样性、看护蚂蚁物种等因素对不同地理种群寄主上羽化寄生蜂的群落结构的影响。本研究的开展将有助于进一步加强我们对寄主-寄生蜂关系的理解，同时也能为紫薇毡蚧在入侵地区的生物防治提供理论基础依据。

作为地球上物种最为丰富的类群之一，寄生蜂由于其独特的寄生习性，在维持生态系统平衡和物种多样性方面起着至关重要的作用。寄主-寄生蜂关系是探讨寄生蜂物种形成与协同进化等研究的基础。目前，大多数寄主-寄生蜂关系仅限于单寄主-单寄生蜂或局部地理范围内的寄主-寄生蜂研究，鲜有在大尺度的对寄主-寄生蜂群落的研究。本研究通过对华东地区16个省市33个地点进行了采集，初步探明了紫薇毡蚧的寄生蜂种类，完成了代表性寄生蜂绒蚧阔柄跳小蜂的线粒体基因组研究。基于高通量测序技术完成了紫薇毡蚧的基因组组装和功能基因注释工作，并完成了比较基因组学分析研究，显示了紫薇毡蚧的扩张基因家族与其生活方式、外分泌物以及寄生拮抗具有相关性。同时完成了38个代表性样品的二代测序工作，将用于后续宏基因组和种群基因组学研究。