厌氧消化污泥好氧深度稳定及降解机理研究

Anaerobically digested sludge (ADS) still contains a lot of weakly stable compounds (WSC), which limits subsequent land utilization and resource recovery of the ADS, and thus its post-treatment is required. Researches show that a feasible option for ADS re-stabilization is to aerobically treat the ADS, which also reduce the amount of the ADS, but mechanism about the approach is not systematically investigated. The organic matter and microbial composition of the sludge changed significantly during anaerobic digestion, and thus the mechanism of aerobic re-stabilization of the ADS will be significantly different from that of un-digested sludge. This project focuses on studying the change mechanism of the WSC. Firstly, chemical composition and molecular characteristics of WSC in the ADS will be revealed through comparison of chemical characteristics of dissolved organic and inorganic matter, volatile organic matter and insoluble matter between before and after the aerobic re-stabilization. Secondly, changes in chemical characteristics of WSC during aerobic re-stabilization will be studied using the techniques such as parallel factor analysis, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy and stable isotope labeling method. Additionally, humic-like fraction will be isolated and analyzed, in order to understand the transforming mechanism of the WSC into strongly stable ones. Finally, microbial community composition during aerobic treatment will be determined using the high-throughput sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then relationship between the densities of functional microbial populations and the re-stabilization of WSC will be quantitatively analyzed by multiple regression analysis. In sum, the implementation of this project will be undoubtedly helpful to the development of ADS re-stabilization technology.

经厌氧消化后污泥仍含有许多弱稳定化合物，限制了污泥后续的土地及资源化利用，仍需进一步稳定化处理。许多研究证实采用好氧工艺可强化厌氧消化污泥的深度稳定，减少污泥量，然而对其稳定机理尚无系统研究。污泥经厌氧消化处理后有机物和微生物组成发生了显著变化，必然存在特有的好氧稳定机制。本项目以弱稳定化合物为主要研究对象，首先采用多种光谱和质谱技术，分析好氧处理前后厌氧消化污泥中各物质的变化情况，以阐明弱稳定化合物的化学特征和含量分布；然后基于平行因子法、二维相关光谱分析和稳定同位素标记法，探讨好氧稳定过程中弱稳定化合物的迁移转化规律，并以类腐殖质为代表，研究此过程中稳定化物质的形成规律；最后采用高通量测序和定量PCR技术，探讨好氧稳定过程中微生物群落结构和种群密度变化，并结合多元回归分析，探究微生物群落演替与弱稳定化合物深度稳定的作用关系。本项目的实施对厌氧消化污泥深度稳定技术的发展具有重要理论意义。

随着我国污水处理设施不断完善，市政污泥处理处置形势日益严峻。在众多污泥处理方法中，污泥厌氧消化工艺被认为是现代污水处理厂的重要组成部分。然而由其产生的消化污泥含有较高的挥发性脂肪酸等弱稳定有机质，表现出较强的植物毒性，限制了污泥后续的土地及资源化利用，仍需进一步的稳定化处理。本项目针对厌氧消化污泥资源化利用研究尚不深入的现状，首先阐明了厌氧消化污泥的理化分子特性及微生物种群组成，进而探讨了好氧堆肥深度处理厌氧消化污泥的工艺性能，并从辅料添加类型和比例等方面优化了相关参数，在此基础上揭示了厌氧消化污泥中弱稳定有机质在好氧堆肥深度处理过程中的降解转化特征，以及在此过程中微生物群落演替规律，可为厌氧消化污泥资源化利用提供重要的理论支撑。基金标注的相关论文10篇，其中第一作SCI 5篇，通讯作者SCI 3篇，最高IF 6.942；申请发明专利两项，授权发明专利1项。