叶片表面耦合仿生的喷泵空化抑制机理研究

As one kind of axial-flow hydraulic machines, water-jet pumps play an important role in propellers such as planing boats and ships. When water-jet pumps run at high speed, cavitation will occur at the inlet of impellers and induce vibration, which will result in a drastic drop in the hydraulic performance and frequent breakdowns at fragile parts, which will severely constraint on defence and infrastructure. In order to solve key scientific problems such as the establishment of the blade’s physical model based on bionic coupling functional surface caused by sturgeon, the emergence and development of cavitation, and the response relationship between vortex motion and structure, this study takes cavitation inhibition on blade, which is based on bionic coupling functional surface, as the starting point to carry out research for basic theories and experiments to study flow’s nonlinear dynamic behavior and cavitation formation process on non-smooth surface of blade in unsteady turbulence flow field, reveal the pressure load distribution and characteristics of flow pulsation under cavitation condition in bionic coupling water-jet pumps in open water, find the interaction mechanisms between vortex motion and structure under cavitation condition, discuss the interaction mechanism between bionic coupling functional surface and cavitation flow to lay the theoretical foundation for the design and application of high cavitation performance water-jet pumps. The outcomes of this study will help to widen the research direction of the cavitation flow on blades surface in axial-flow hydraulic machineries.

喷泵作为轴流式水力机械，在滑行艇、船舶等推进器中扮演重要角色，高速运转时，叶轮进口易出现空化，诱发振动，造成易损部件故障频发，严重制约了国防和基础建设。为解决叶片耦合仿生物理模型构建及其空化抑制机制与敞口状态下喷泵空化产生发展及涡动与结构响应映射关系等关键科学问题。本项目以叶片表面耦合仿生抑制喷泵空化流动的问题为切入点开展基础理论与实验研究，考察叶片表面耦合仿生功能在非稳态湍流场下非线性动力学行为和空化形成过程，揭示敞口喷泵空化作用下压力载荷、流量脉动特征及分布规律，建立空化状态下涡动与结构响应映射关系，探讨耦合仿生功能表面与空化流动的相互作用机制，为高抗空化性能喷泵的研制和设计应用提供理论支持，相关研究结果有助于扩展轴流式水力机械叶片表面空化流动抑制的研究方向。

喷泵作为轴流式水力机械，在滑行艇、船舶等推进器中扮演重要角色，高速运转时，叶轮进口易出现空化，诱发振动，造成易损部件故障频发，严重制约了国防和基础建设。为解决叶片耦合仿生物理模型构建及其空化抑制机制与敞口状态下喷泵空化产生发展及涡动与结构响应映射关系等关键科学问题。本项目以仿生水翼设计方法及其影响绕水翼空化流动问题为切入点开展基础理论与实验研究，比较研究了耦合仿生叶片在在非稳态湍流场下的空化演化行为，揭示了敞口喷泵空化作用下压力载荷、流量脉动特征及分布规律，建立空化状态下水翼涡动与结构响应映射关系，探讨耦合仿生功能表面与空化流动的相互作用机制，为高抗空化性能喷泵的研制和设计应用提供理论支持，相关研究结果有助于扩展轴流式水力机械叶片设计方法和空化流动抑制的研究方向。