动能体半侵彻金属靶的嵌立机理与临界条件研究

The study of partial embedment of kinetic energy penetrator(KEP) on metal target by partial penetration is put forward with the demand of advanced ammunition terminal effects and penetration ballistics subject. Through the partial penetration of KEP on target, the KEP can be embedded solidly on the target surface. The exposed parts of projectile can become an obstacle, as a carrying platform of communication and control system or as a relay platform to perform the effective applications. The study methods include cavity expansion and energy theoretical analysis, numerical simulation based on dimensional analysis and rthogonal test method, coupled and decomposed experiments under dynamic loads on materials and structures of KEP and target. The main research contents are as follows: ① Non-steady roles of partial penetration process, especially the initial stage of forming pit and rebound force, the evolution with time and space on loading and deformation spectrum and energy spectrum allocation characteristics; ② Dynamic behavior of KEP and target, the correlation of materials in dynamics response and KEP structural characteristics during partial penetration, the material deformation, the impact of failure and damage of the mechanical behavior and features, the micro-rheology and morphology of the macrosopic and mesoscopic features will be analyzed. ③ Correlation analysis between the target plate deformation energy, rebound energy and response of KEP will be carried out, analytical model of the partial penetration process will be established. ④ The mechanism of partial embedment on the metal target will be studied. Method of partial embedment and its critical condition will be carried out. The important scientific basis can be provided for engineering application through this research.

动能体半侵彻金属靶的嵌立研究是随新型弹药终点效应需求牵引与侵彻弹道学发展所遇到的理论和方法瓶颈问题。通过半侵彻作用，使动能体稳固嵌立于靶面，并由其外露部分形成障碍、通信/指挥中继载体或搭载平台等，进而实现预定的先进功能。本项目将综合空穴膨胀及系统能量理论、基于因次和正交试验设计法的非线性数值仿真以及材料与结构动载耦合及分解试验等手段，主要研究：①动能体半侵彻非定常作用过程中，不同阶段尤其开坑和反弹阶段受力与变形等载荷谱时空演化和能量谱分配特性；②弹靶相互作用下材料的冲击力学行为，弹靶几何结构特征与材料动态响应的协同，以及材料变形、损伤破坏、微细观流变及形貌特征等宏细观特性；③研究靶板变形能/反弹能与动能体响应力之间的关系，建立动能体嵌立金属靶的理论分析模型；④揭示动能体半侵彻金属靶的嵌立主控机理，获得其牢固嵌立方法及临界作用条件。通过本项目研究，可为有关嵌立效应的工程应用提供重要科学依据。

弹丸半侵彻金属靶的嵌立研究是随先进终点弹道效应需求牵引与侵彻弹道学科发展所遇到的理论和方法瓶颈问题。本项目综合理论分析、数值仿真和材料与结构动载耦合及分解试验等手段，获得了弹丸半侵彻金属靶的嵌立机理与临界条件。基于不同异型弹丸凹槽的半侵深试验与材料微观实验，获得了半侵彻作用过程异型弹丸凹槽区靶材的流动特性；得到了弹丸半侵彻过程弹坑周围靶板材料微观结构特征与失效模式；建立了异型弹丸对金属靶半侵彻作用的阶段模型。.通过建立可反映凹槽区材料流动行为的精细仿真模型，结合弹丸侵深、靶板材料变形与流变特性、靶板材料失效方式的模拟与半侵彻试验结果，得到了凹槽区靶材流动物理图像，获得了不同靶板厚度、不同弹丸凹槽几何特征对半侵彻作用的影响规律。通过对半侵彻反弹阶段实现嵌立过程能量分析，提出了反弹能、动态抱弹能与静态抱弹能满足的能量关系；根据锥形弹丸和不同异型弹丸的准静态拉拔试验，获得了拉拔弹丸脱离靶板过程中拉力随行程变化数据，获得了凹槽几何尺寸、侵彻深度等因素对嵌立牢固性的影响特性。.基于半侵彻试验和拉拔试验研究，获得了影响异型弹丸实现嵌立的关键因素：一为弹靶摩擦力，二为防弹丸反弹阻碍力；获得了异型弹丸半侵彻嵌立条件的表达式；提出了实现嵌立的不同异型弹丸设计方法，并通过仿真和试验验证了这些设计方法的可行性。建立了双线性应变硬化材料的球形空穴膨胀理论，引入有限厚度靶板的影响，据此建立了异型弹丸半侵彻理论模型，通过对侵彻深度、侵彻速度和过载时程对比，该理论模型与半侵彻试验和仿真均有较好的一致性。本项目研究结果可为动能体嵌立作用在工程实践的应用提供重要的理论基础和科学依据。