基于响应面法的轨道交通箱型梁结构声学优化设计研究

Due to the large radiation area of the elevated rail transit bridge surface, it makes an ineffectual effort to control structural noise by using noise barrier or ordinary sound insulation. Consequently, the structural noise of bridge has become a prominent environmental problem in the development of elevated rail transit. According to the research both at home and abroad, through the optimal design of structural acoustics of elevated rail box girder, the goal of rail bridge vibration and noise reduction can be achieved. This project, from the perspective of optimal design of structural acoustics, carries on a systematic research work on low frequency noise control of rail transit box girder, and combines the analysis of vibration transmissibility with that of acoustic radiation properties. Based on the Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm, the optimal design model of structural acoustics of rail transit box girder is established. By analyzing the structural acoustic radiation sensitivity of box girder, the quantitative index of changes of structural size design variable of box girder on changing the acoustic radiation level is achieved. In this thesis, Response Surface Methodology model of the structural acoustics optimal design of rail transit box girder is established. By applying the theory of structural acoustic radiation optimization as well as the genetic algorithm search strategy, optimized design of structure form of box girder is carried out and based on which, the optimal structure form of reducing low frequency noise of the elevated box girder is proposed. The research findings will lay both a theoretical and experimental foundation for the low noise optimal design of box girder.

由于高架轨道交通桥梁表面辐射面积大,用声屏障及一般的隔声方法控制桥梁结构噪声效果不明显，所以桥梁结构噪声是高架轨道交通发展中一个突出的环境问题。国内外研究表明，通过高架轨道箱型梁结构的声学优化设计，可以达到减少轨道桥梁的振动与噪声的目的。本项目从结构声学优化设计的角度对轨道交通箱型梁的低频噪声控制展开系统的研究，将振动传递特性分析与声辐射特性分析相结合，基于响应面法和遗传算法建立轨道交通箱型梁结构声学优化设计模型；通过对箱型梁结构-声辐射灵敏度分析，实现箱型梁结构尺寸设计变量的变化对声辐射水平改变的量化指标；建立轨道交通箱型梁结构声学优化设计的响应面法模型，利用结构声辐射优化理论及遗传算法搜索策略，对箱型梁结构形式进行优化设计，提出减少高架箱型梁低频噪声的最优结构形式。研究成果为箱型桥梁的低噪声优化设计奠定理论和实验基础。

桥梁结构噪声是高架轨道交通发展中一个突出的环境问题，国内外研究表明，通过高架轨道箱型梁结构的声学优化设计，可以达到减少轨道桥梁的振动与噪声的目的。本项目从结构声学优化设计的角度对轨道交通箱型梁的低频噪声控制展开系统的研究，首先通过建立车辆-轨道-桥梁动力学模型分析了轨道系统和桥梁的振动特性，在此基础上基于有限元-统计能量混合法（FE-SEA）预测箱型梁结构噪声，并对其噪声的特性、各子系统贡献率及箱型梁结构参数对桥梁结构噪声的影响进行了系统分析；最后将响应面法引入到轨道交通箱型梁结构声学优化设计中，结合试验设计、响应面法和优化算法建立了基于响应面法的轨道交通箱型梁结构声学性能优化模型，研究了轨道交通箱型梁的结构声学特性优化问题，在建立目标函数和约束函数响应面的基础上，采用优化算法对箱型梁结构参数进行声学优化设计。研究成果为箱型桥梁的低噪声优化设计奠定理论和实验基础。