餐厨废物快速处理过程中难降解-易利用有机碳形态定向调控机制研究

The use of organic waste as a raw material to prepare soil conditioners is an important way to control agricultural non-point source pollution and to make resources return to the soil. Rapidly increasing the content of organic matter in barren soils and remodeling the abundance and diversity of microbial communities in soils are the current research hotspots. Based on this, this study uses food waste as raw materials, coupled with hygrothermal hydrolysis fermentation - biological enhanced inoculation technology to build a bio-enhanced humification fermentation system, so as to prepare a soil conditioner which consists of labile and recalcitrant carbon with a synergistic effect. Therefore, the directional control mechanism and the key factors that effecting the dynamic change of labile and recalcitrant organic carbon will be evaluated using spectral analysis and scanning tunneling microscope in this project. The relationships among labile organic carbon, recalcitrant organic carbon, carbon-fixing functional microbial communities in bio-enhanced humification fermentation system, will be evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and immunogold labelling. The prospective results will be benefit to provide the evidence for interaction between the carbon morphology and functional microbial communities in the bio-enhanced humification process, as well as the theoretical and technical support for resources disposal of organic waste and lean soil restoration.

以有机废物为原料制备土壤调理剂，是控制农业面源污染，使资源回馈土壤的重要途径。快速提升贫瘠土壤有机质含量，重塑土壤中微生物群落丰度和多样性是当前的研究热点。传统调理剂多以腐殖质类难降解有机碳为主，难以被微生物直接吸收利用，是制约贫瘠土壤修复的重要限制因子。基于此，本研究以餐厨废物为原料，耦合湿热水解发酵-生物强化接种技术构建生物强化腐殖化发酵体系，制备难降解-易利用有机碳协同作用的土壤调理剂。从宏观和微观层面入手，采用波谱分析法和扫描隧道显微镜技术方法，解析生物强化腐殖化工艺过程难降解-易利用有机碳形态动态变化关键影响因子，利用免疫胶体金标记-透射电镜和基因组学方法，揭示难降解-易利用有机碳平衡归趋与核心功能微生物群落构建的响应机制及影响因素，提出难降解-易利用有机碳发酵体系定向调控途径。为我国有机废物高效资源化与土壤改良提供基础理论与技术支撑。

以餐厨废物为原料制备土壤调理剂，是控制农业面源污染，使资源回馈土壤的重要途径。快速提升贫瘠土壤有机质含量，重塑土壤中微生物群落丰度和多样性是当前的研究热点。传统调理剂多以难降解腐殖质类有机碳为主，难以被微生物直接吸收利用，是制约贫瘠土壤修复的重要限制因子。基于此，本研究以餐厨废物为原料，识别了不同湿热水解温度、发酵时间下的特征因子，建立了易利用有机碳分子量分级形态与特征因子的响应关系，并进一步构建与优选了难降解-易利用有机碳体系，从宏观和微观层面入手，解析了工艺过程有机碳形态动态变化关键影响因子，揭示了有机碳平衡归趋与核心功能微生物群落构建的响应机制及影响因素，提出了难降解-易利用有机碳发酵体系定向调控途径，制备了难降解-易利用有机碳协同作用的土壤调理剂。为我国有机废物高效资源化与土壤改良提供基础理论与技术支撑。