基于磁性纳米改性生物壳炭吸附材料的典型重金属污染稻田土壤的修复行为及环境效应研究

How to control and reduce the heavy metal pollution of farmland is an important task to promote the construction of ecological civilization and the maintenance of national ecological security. The biochar of agricultural and forestry crops in China is rich, and the biochar has a good adsorption performance to the heavy metals in solution and soil. However, the adsorption characteristics of biochar are determined by the precursors and preparation conditions. At present, the nano materials with excellent performance as the soil heavy metal passivation agent and biochar composite materials has captured the people's attention. Among them, the new magnetic nano adsorbent, because of its unique properties, showing a bright future. However, the environmental risk of modified nano biochar is not clear. This project aims at the Cd and Pb of soil heavy metal pollution in paddy field in Jiangxi Province, develops several kinds of magnetic nanoparticles modified biochar adsorption materials, makes clear the characteristics and adsorption capacity of different sources of magnetic nano modified biochar, and clarifys the mechanism between magnetic nano modified biochar and the adsorption of Cd and Pb, and then explores the recycling method of the magnetic nano modified biochar materials, at last makes clear magnetic nano modified biochar input mechanism and ecological risk of biological processes of contaminated soil. After the above research, we can provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the quality of the environment pollution of soil.

如何控制和减轻农田重金属污染是影响我国推进生态文明建设和维护国家生态安全中急需解决的一个重要课题。我国农林作物生物质炭来源丰富，生物质炭对溶液和土壤中重金属表现出了良好的吸附性能，然而生物质炭的吸附特性由前体物质与制备条件等决定。目前，纳米材料以优良的性能作为土壤重金属钝化剂和生物质炭的复合材料已进入人们的视线。其中，新型磁性纳米吸附剂，由于其独特的性能，显示出了光明的应用前景。然而，改性纳米生物质炭的土壤环境风险尚不明确。本项目针对江西省典型的Cd、Pb重金属污染稻田土壤，研制出若干种磁性纳米改性生物质炭吸附新材料，明确不同来源的磁性纳米改性生物质炭与Cd、Pb的结合特征和吸附容量；阐明磁性纳米改性生物质炭与Cd、Pb的作用机理；并探索磁性纳米改性生物质炭吸附材料的再生回收利用方法；弄清磁性纳米改性生物质炭输入污染土壤后的生物过程机理和生态风险；为改善污染土壤的环境质量提供理论依据。

如何控制和减轻农田重金属污染是影响我国推进生态文明建设和维护国家生态安全中急需解决的一个重要课题。我国农林作物生物质炭来源丰富，生物质炭对溶液和土壤中重金属表现出了良好的吸附性能，然而生物质炭的吸附特性由前体物质与制备条件等决定。目前，纳米材料以优良的性能作为土壤重金属钝化剂和生物质炭的复合材料已进入人们的视线。其中，新型磁性纳米吸附剂，由于其独特的性能，显示出了光明的应用前景。然而，改性纳米生物质炭的土壤环境风险尚不明确。本项目针对江西省典型的Cd、Pb重金属污染稻田土壤，研制出若干种磁性纳米改性生物质炭吸附新材料，明确不同来源的磁性纳米改性生物质炭与Cd、Pb的结合特征和吸附容量；阐明磁性纳米改性生物质炭与Cd、Pb的作用机理；并探索磁性纳米改性生物质炭吸附材料的再生回收利用方法；弄清磁性纳米改性生物质炭输入污染土壤后的生物过程机理和生态风险；为改善污染土壤的环境质量提供理论依据。