Bypass transition takes place in the boundary layer at a high level of free-stream turbulent intensity, and it is also the usual type of transition in engineering problems. It is yet to fully developed that our understanding of the internal mechanism of secondary instability in boundary layers for spanwise localized free-stream turbulence. The proposed project is based on the results we got in the research of streaks development in the boundary layer, and will do secondary instability analysis on the streaky boundary layer. By investigating its three aspects, we can have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the nature of secondary instability for bypass transition. Firstly, by comparing the growth rate of secondary instability and that of T-S waves in laminar flow, we can confirm whether the contribution of secondary instability to bypass transition is dominant or not. Secondly, by studying the eigenfunction shape of secondary instability eigenmode, we can confirm whether one or more streaks plays a key role for secondary instability. Thirdly, by studying the phase speed and eigenfunction shape of secondary instability eigenmode, we can confirm whether inner or outer mode is the dominant one for secondary instability.
当自由流湍流度较大时边界层会发生bypass转捩,这也是工程中常见的一种转捩。目前对展向局部自由流湍流下边界层bypass转捩的二次失稳的内在机理,认识还不充分。本项目拟从我们过去对边界层内条纹演化的研究结果出发,对带条纹的边界层进行二次失稳分析,通过考察其三个方面的特性,以求对bypass转捩二次失稳的本质有更全面、深刻的理解。第一,拟通过比较二次失稳的增长率和层流中T-S波的增长率,确认二次失稳对bypass转捩的贡献是大还是小。第二,拟通过考察二次失稳特征模态的特征函数分布,确认起主导作用的条纹是一个还是多个。第三,拟通过考察二次失稳特征模态的相速度和特征函数分布,确认起主导作用的模态是内模态还是外模态。
当背景扰动较大时边界层会发生bypass转捩。展向局部自由流湍流下边界层bypass转捩是一种典型的bypass转捩,其中条纹的生成和非线性演化已经比较清楚,而条纹基本流二次失稳的内在机理,则需要进行研究。本项目对带条纹的边界层进行二次失稳分析,通过考察其三个方面的特性,即二次失稳对bypass的贡献大小,二次失稳中起主导作用的条纹以及模态的确认,对bypass转捩二次失稳的本质有更全面、深刻的理解。针对所要研究的二次失稳问题,本项目先选择合适的方法,即Arnoldi方法,并通过与线性稳定性理论和Floquet理论结果的对比,验证了该方法的有效性。然后对条纹边界层进行二次失稳分析,发现了对流模态,其特点在于二次失稳的增长可以沿流向累计。通过对增长累计效果的分析和比较,可以明确的回答项目申请中提出的三个问题。第一,展向局部自由流湍流下边界层bypass转捩中二次失稳的贡献远大于T-S波。这是因为二次失稳出现的比不稳定的T-S波早得多,且增长率的累积,即N值,要比T-S波高很多。第二, bypass转捩二次失稳中起主导作用的条纹是中间处的强条纹。这是因为中间强条纹处的不稳定模态出现得早,且增长率、增长范围和N值都比两侧弱条纹的明显要大。第三,bypass转捩二次失稳中起主导作用的模态为中间处较强的快条纹的内模态,而中间处较强的慢条纹的正弦型外模态也起一定作用,但比内模态弱一些。这是因为不稳定的内模态虽然出现的略晚,但是其增长的最快,N值迅速超越外模态,加上其特征函数集中在靠近壁面处,因而诱发的湍斑也靠近壁面,从而最有可能首先导致湍流剖面的出现。本项目通过对上述关键问题的阐释,加深了人们对展向局部自由流湍流下边界层bypass转捩中二次失稳的理解。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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