Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an autoimmune reaction, in which the body's defence system attacks the insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. Type 1 diabetic patients could be treated with insulin or through transplantation of new islets. However, these approaches were limited due to the cost of insulin and other medicines, the drug dependence and the scarcity of donor isltes. Pancreatic β cell replacement therapy holds great promise for curing T1D, which leaves obtaining potential donor β cells as the key point. Our previous work reveals that CD63 could identify and isolate stem cells in the extrahepatic bile ducts (including the gallbladder with the cystic duct and the choledochus etc.), known as biliary tree stem/progenitor cells (BTSCs). The BTSCs not only possess the characteristics of hepatic stem cells, but also could be induced to differentiate into pancreatic β-like cells by certain small molecules. However, it should be further investigated that how to get functional pancreatic β cells and whether they could cure T1D. Based on the convenience of acquiring extra-hepatic bile ducts tissue, the potential of β cell replacement therapy and previous work, this project aims at induced differentiation of CD63+ BTSCs into functional β cells by small molecules. By this approach, the BTSCs could provide a viable source for β cell replacement therapy in the T1D patients.
1型糖尿病是一种由于自身免疫介导的胰腺中产生胰岛素的β细胞遭受破坏而导致的慢性疾病。治疗1型糖尿病的方法是胰岛素注射或者胰岛移植,但是受到费用昂贵、药物依赖以及供体匮乏等因素的限制。胰腺β细胞替换治疗是目前最具潜在应用价值的治疗方案,因此寻找合适的供体细胞是亟待解决的问题。申请人在前期研究中发现肝外胆管中(包括胆囊及胆总管等)存在干性细胞并且可用表面标志物CD63分离获取。该细胞不仅具有肝脏干细胞的基本特性,而且可以被特定的小分子化合物诱导分化为表达胰岛素的胰腺β样细胞。然而,如何由此获得功能胰腺β细胞以达到治疗1型糖尿病的效果还需探索。基于肝外胆管组织在临床上取材的便捷、胰腺β细胞替换治疗的应用前景和工作基础,本课题拟开展利用小分子化合物诱导肝外胆管CD63+细胞分化为功能胰腺β细胞的研究,回答“肝外胆管中干性细胞是否可作为治疗1型糖尿病细胞来源”的科学问题,为细胞治疗的应用奠定基础。
胰腺β细胞替代疗法为治疗糖尿病提供了新思路。异体胰岛移植方法成熟且有效,但是供体胰岛来源的匮乏导致该方法并不能广泛开展和应用。胰岛移植可起到有效治疗效果的关键在于其中成熟的β细胞可持续分泌胰岛素起到维持血糖平衡进而改善机体其它组织功能的作用。近年来,围绕胰腺β细胞的获取开展了大量研究。其中较有潜力的策略是由诱导型多能干细胞或者胚胎干细胞定向分化为胰腺β样细胞。本项目在申请人前期工作基础上,围绕如何诱导肝外胆管干细胞分化为胰腺β样细胞开展。肝外胆管组织包含胆囊、胆总管、肝管等,是肝脏胆管系统的重要组成部分,也是肝脏干细胞分布的重要位置。本研究通过分离培养肝外胆管干细胞、建立诱导分化方案以及验证分化后细胞功能,明确了肝外胆管干细胞可分化为胰腺β样细胞,具有潜在的应用价值。首先,分别建立了小鼠和人肝外胆管干细胞体外培养方案,为后续研究提供了丰富的细胞来源。其次,分别鉴定了小鼠和人肝外胆管干细胞的基本特征:它们表达经典肝脏干细胞的标志物,具有稳定的增殖能力,可长期培养并保持遗传稳定性。第三,通过筛选和优化培养条件,分别建立了诱导两类细胞分化为胰腺β细胞的方案,并鉴定了胰腺关键标志物的表达。第四,重点检测了鼠源肝外胆管干细胞分化而来的胰腺β样细胞功能状态,发现该细胞分化后体外可分泌胰岛素至培养上清,移植入糖尿病小鼠体内可缓解其高血糖相关症状。本项目的相关研究结果明确了肝外胆管干细胞的存在、可操作性以及分化潜能,丰富了肝脏组织干细胞的理论知识,也为胰腺β细胞的来源提供了新思路。在将来,有望作为供体细胞用于糖尿病的细胞治疗。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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