高原典型地区拉萨大气颗粒物污染特征及溯源研究

The airborne particulate matter pollution in China has become increasingly significant and seriously affects human health, air quality and visibility. The temporal and spatial distribution, chemical composition and source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in the typical high altitude region Lhasa will be investigated in the present study. The variation of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration in Lhasa will be studied using gravimetric method and real-time detection technology. The regional, seasonal and typical process distribution characteristics of the atmospheric particulate matter in Lhasa will be investigated. The chemical composition (elements, carbonaceous composition and water-soluble ions) and its size-resolved distribution characteristics will be analyzed by ICP-MS, thermo-optical, ion chromatography. The chemical spectrum and tracers of emission sources in Lhasa will be established by collecting and analyzing PM10 and PM2.5 samples from the local emission sources. The source apportionment will be carried out and the contribution of various emission sources will be calculated by receptor model-based approach. Exploring the chemical composition of atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 in Lhasa and the chemical spectrum of local emission sources is of great scientific significance for the reveal the main sources of atmospheric particles and is also valuable for the development of air pollution control and prevention measures.

国内大气颗粒物污染日益突出，严重影响人体健康、空气质量和能见度。本项目将研究高原典型地区拉萨PM10和PM2.5时空分布特征、化学组成，并分析其来源。通过重量法和实时检测技术，研究拉萨PM10和PM2.5质量浓度变化规律，探讨拉萨大气颗粒物的区域性、季节性及典型过程性分布特征。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱、热光、离子色谱等分析技术研究其中元素、碳组分、水溶性离子等化学组成及其粒径分布特征。结合拉萨地区特点，通过采集与分析PM10和PM2.5主要污染源样品，研究建立当地源化学成分谱，获取源的示踪物。采用基于受体模型的方法研究拉萨PM10和PM2.5的来源，探讨各类源的贡献值与分担率。研究拉萨的PM10和PM2.5化学组成及其源谱，借助模型开展来源分析对于揭示拉萨大气颗粒物分布特征、化学组成及来源具有重要的科学意义，并对制定针对性的大气污染控制与防治措施具有重要参考价值。

国内大气颗粒物污染日益突出，严重影响人体健康、空气质量和能见度。拉萨是国内空气质量较好的地区之一，但大气颗粒物（包括PM10和PM2.5）已成为拉萨环境空气的首要污染物种类之一。本项目通过手工采样-重量法研究了拉萨PM10和PM2.5质量浓度变化规律，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱、热光、离子色谱等分析技术研究颗粒物中元素、碳组分、水溶性离子等化学组成及其粒径分布特征，研究建立3类9种颗粒物源化学成分谱，采用化学质量平衡模型开展了颗粒物源解析，探讨各类源的贡献值与分担率。.2015年拉萨市PM2.5中各类污染源贡献分别为扬尘46.58%、机动车尾气22.48%、餐饮油烟9.93%、生物质燃烧9.92%、工业源0.64%、硫酸盐2.54%、硝酸盐1.96%，其他污染源5.96%。PM10中各类污染源分别贡献为扬尘59.34%、机动车尾气14.44%、餐饮油烟10.24%、生物质燃烧7.69%、工业源1.19%、硫酸盐1.68%、硝酸盐1.10%，其他污染源4.32%。对颗粒物污染贡献较大的依次是扬尘、机动车尾气和餐饮油烟，工业源贡献较小。.研究拉萨的PM10和PM2.5化学组成及其源谱，借助模型开展来源分析对于揭示拉萨大气颗粒物分布特征、化学组成及来源具有重要的科学意义，并对制定针对性的大气污染控制与防治措施具有重要参考价值。