摇摆条件对蒸汽浸没射流凝结换热和压力振荡特性的影响机理研究

The submerged steam jet condensed in subcooled water is widely used in the passive safety system of ships, due to its high efficiency heat transfer characteristics. Thus, it's very important to reveal the effect of rolling condition on heat transfer and pressure oscillation characteristics for the design and safe operation of related devices. The submerged steam jet condensation investigations under no rolling motion condition show that the vapor-liquid interface (steam plume and bubble) is the main factor on the direct contact condensation heat transfer and pressure oscillation mechanism. Thus, the dynamic behavior of the vapor-liquid interface of steam plume would be obtained through experimental investigation firstly, and the quantitative variation law of steam plume under rolling condition would also be gained. Then combined with the theoretical and numerical results, the effect of rolling condition on dynamic evolution mechanism of the vapor-liquid interface under the coupling interaction between dynamic and thermodynamic imbalance state would be analyzed. Secondly, the bubble dynamic behavior would be obtained through experimental investigation. Based on bubble dynamics analysis and considering the effect of the condensation, it is proposed to find out the dominate influence factors on the dynamic evolution of bubble under the rolling condition. Finally, the dynamic evolution model of the vapor-liquid interface (steam plume and bubble) would be set up, which is proposed to reveal the influence mechanism of rolling condition on heat transfer and pressure oscillation characteristics, and then the detailed characterization method of heat transfer and pressure oscillation characteristics under rolling condition is obtained. The present project may provide theoretical guide and experimental data support for engineering applications of relevant industrial equipment in Marine conditions.

蒸汽浸没射流技术因其高效换热特性，在舰艇的核反应堆非能动安全系统中有重要应用，因此研究摇摆条件下凝结换热和压力振荡特性对相关设备的安全稳定运行至关重要。现有非摇摆条件下蒸汽浸没射流凝结研究结果表明，汽液相界面（汽羽和汽泡）是影响直接接触凝结换热和产生压力振荡的内在原因。为此，本项目拟通过实验获得不同摇摆条件下射流凝结形成汽羽的汽液相界面动态行为，以及摇摆参数对汽羽的定量影响规律，结合理论分析和数值模拟，揭示摇摆条件下动力学和热力学不平衡时汽液相界面的演变机制；其次通过实验获得汽泡的动态行为，基于汽泡的动力学分析并考虑凝结的影响，揭示摇摆条件下汽泡动态演变行为的主导机制；最后，建立摇摆条件下汽液相界面（汽羽和汽泡）的动态演变模型，进而揭示摇摆条件对凝结换热和压力振荡特性的影响机理，并获得凝结换热和压力振荡特性的精细表征方法。本研究将为相关设备在海洋条件下的工程应用提供理论依据和实验数据支持。

汽液直接接触凝结释热技术是第三代核电和核动力舰船非能动安全系统的核心关键，同时广泛应用于火电、石化和制冷等多种国民经济支柱工业领域。汽液直接接触凝结释热过程大量潜热快速释放，汽液相界面剧烈变化，易引起剧烈振荡。因此，汽液直接接触凝结释热过程潜热高效利用及其引发的压力振荡是影响该技术实际应用的核心问题，因此研究摇摆条件下凝结换热和压力振荡特性对相关设备的安全稳定运行至关重要。本项目建立了海洋条件下蒸汽浸没射流凝结实验平台，获得摇摆条件、横荡和起伏条件下射流凝结形成汽羽的汽液相界面动态行为，获得了压力振荡主频随不同运行参数的变化规律，获得了不同自由度条件下凝结振荡主频的计算关联式；在此基础上，建立了摇摆条件下蒸汽浸没射流凝结数值计算模型，获得了摇摆参数对汽泡的定量影响规律，建立了凝结振荡主频的计算方法；最后，结合理论分析和数值模拟，揭示摇摆条件下动力学和热力学不平衡时汽液相界面的演变机制，建立摇摆条件下汽液相界面（汽羽和汽泡）的动态演变模型，分析了压力振荡和凝结换热的内在联系，进而揭示摇摆条件对凝结换热和压力振荡特性的影响机理，并获得凝结换热和压力振荡特性的精细表征方法。本研究将为相关设备在海洋条件下的工程应用提供理论依据和实验数据支持。基于本项目研究成果，项目负责人发表SCI检索论文21篇，发表其他国际、国内会议论文8篇，获授权发明专利5项。相关研究成果获2020年陕西省科学技术一等奖（第2完成人），2020年获陕西省青年科技奖（独立获奖人），作为核心成员的团队入选科技部重点领域创新团队。