松嫩沙地土地利用变化时空型式及其驱动机制研究

Songnen Sandy Land lies in the eastern fringe of huge sandy belt of the temperate zone on the Eurasia Continent.. This area is not only the first-class sensitive and vulnerable area of environmental changes in China, but the typical and representative region of global environmental changes research in the world. Guided by the geograhical graphic information theory, landscape ecology theory and sustainable development theory of land resources, using the tools of GIS with remote sensing images, the spatial -temporal variation of land use, the driving forces of LUCC and its environmental effects in Songnen Sandy Land were studied systematically and comprehensively during the past 50 years, especially in the recent 20 years. The study put forward the original scientific thoughts of geographical graphic informantion description and analyse theory and methods to study the different land use types and the spatial-temporal variation of land use and land cover. The graphic characters, meaning and mechanism of different land use type were analyzed and applied to explore the internal courses, dominant change direction and tendency of the spatial variation of land use in recent 20 years. On the basis of systematical study on natural and social-economic the factors of LUCC during the recent 50 years, the multivariate statistics simulation models of LUCC were developed. The regional eco-envrionmental effects including regional climate fluction, soil degradation and desertification driven by LUCC are discussed and eco-environment evaluation model are built.The land use structure and optimal spatial allocation pattern under ecological security in the typical county between agriculture and husbandry were simulated. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) land use and land cover in Songnen Sandy Land have undergone dramatic changes, cultivated land increased rapidly and distributed in concentration, while that of grassland, woodland area decreased significantly and tend to be fragmental. The salinization and desertification of land became the main problem.(2)LUCC in Songnen Sandy Land was closely related to climate fluctuation,rapid growth of population and unstable development of agriculture and stock raising.The pressure of population and undeveloped economic position were main driving force in the recent 20 years.(3)On the base of the latent vulnerable natural factors, irrational land exploitation activities was main cause for land desertification. The study supplied regional cases and materials for global environmental changes studies, which laid the foundation of analyzing the differences and feedback mechanism between regional changes and global changes. The study was used to reveal the mutual mechanism of LUCC and eco-environment in the fragile ecotone，improve relationship between human and land resources and restore eco-environment, which had scientific significance and practical value for the sustainable development of regional society and economy.

根据人地系统动力学原理及地理信息图谱理论，运用现代空间对地观测技术，评价松嫩沙地近五十年来土地利用与土地覆盖变化的时空型式，探索导致该变化的驱动因子及其过程，分析土地利用变化与该区域荒漠化等环境危机的关系，预测土地覆盖变化的未来趋势，为全球变化研究提供案例素材和基础数据，为制定该区土地的可持续利用模型提供科学依据。