既有建筑抗震鉴定及受损建筑安全鉴定实用性量化模型研究

The project focus on the masonry structures and reinforced concrete structures which is widely used, developing Quantitative mathematical models of “seismic appraisal of buildings” and “Safety assessment of buildings” through qualitative descriptive code clause which in “standard for seismic appraisal of buildings” and “Post-earthquake field works—Part 2:Safety assessment of buildings” by use follow methods: calculation and statistical analysis of seismic damage statistics, comparison analysis between code clause and building earthquake damage characteristic. At last, a functional relation based on the seismic damage index and taking the factors affecting the seismic capacity as independent variables, we can form a method which is more scientific and easier to operate. For the existed buildings, according to the “standard for seismic appraisal of buildings” and “Post-earthquake field works—Part 2: Safety assessment of buildings” and seismic damage data analysis, we can abstract various factors of the impact of building seismic capacity. We can conclude the coefficient of each factor through numerical simulation analysis, and set up the mathematical model of seismic identification of buildings to calculate the existing seismic capacity of the whole structure. For buildings damaged by earthquake, the mathematical model of the post-earthquake safety assessment is constructed from the qualitative detailed description of the earthquake, which are based on the statistical analysis of the large number of seismic damage data. From the mathematical model, we can calculate the damage state of the whole building and judge the safety of the building. The model can provide theoretical basis for the preparation of seismic identification and seismic site identification platform to improve the efficiency and scientificity of the appraisal, which is beneficial to the pre-earthquake planning and the resettlement work.

以量大面广的砌体和钢筋混凝土结构为研究对象，将《建筑物抗震鉴定》和《地震现场房屋安全鉴定》规范中定性描述的文字条文通过大量实际震例的计算和统计分析，与震害特征的对比分析，将条文转化成建筑物抗震鉴定定量化数学模型和震后安全鉴定定量化数学模型，建立以震损指数为表征的，以影响抗震能力因素为自变量的函数关系，从而形成更为科学和易于操作的方法。即对于既有建筑，根据建筑物抗震设计规范、抗震鉴定规范以及震害资料分析，提取影响房屋抗震能力的因素，并通过数值模拟分析出每种因素的系数和权重值，给出抗震鉴定定量化数学模型，计算出整体结构现有抗震能力。对于震后受损建筑，基于震害资料统计分析，由定性的细部震损条文描述构建定量化的安全鉴定数学模型，计算出整体建筑物的震损状态，最终判定房屋是否安全可用。模型可为编制抗震鉴定及震后安全鉴定平台提供理论基础，提高鉴定工作效率和科学性，有利于政府震前规划和震时灾民安置工作。

项目以提高震前建筑物抗震鉴定工作和震后地震现场房屋安全鉴定工作的效率为目标。针对抗震鉴定工作，本项目以我国量大面广的砌体结构和钢筋混凝土结构为研究对象，基于现行抗震鉴定规范采用的二级鉴定方式提出创新，提取影响房屋抗震能力的各种因素，利用数值模拟分析得到各影响因素的权重值。综合考虑抗震设计规范要求、抗震鉴定规范要求以及震害资料分析结果，从建筑物层数、高度、材料强度、场地土类别、建筑年代、平立面规则程度、楼梯间位置中选取主要影响因素，不断改变模型工况进行分析，建立建筑物抗震鉴定数学模型。对于震后安全鉴定工作，项目针对砌体结构和钢筋混凝土结构房屋，依照结构类型、使用功能、设防烈度、破坏等级、破坏部位、构件破坏程度等因素进行统计，并建立震害资料数据库。分析研究受震建筑物的震损影响因素并确定震损部位权重系数，并利用专家经验和数学方法对房屋震损因子进行量化处理。建立了细部震损状况的评价标准，确定与细部震损程度和数量相对应的震损评价系数。通过对大量震害资料的统计、分析和反演，同时结合专家经验群体判断，最终确定了房屋细部构件震损程度和数量所对应的震损评价系数。模型可为编制抗震鉴定及震后安全鉴定平台提供理论基础，提高鉴定工作效率和科学性。