枯落物对淠河上游坡面产流和汇流过程的调节机理

The project is aimed at solving the core scientific problem ‘regulation mechanism of litter layer on run-off generation and concentration on the hillslope’. Based on lots of previous work, micro-laboratory tests, slope-control experiments and prototype observation are the key support for the project. Water retention and conductivity of the litter with different degree of humification will be analyzed. The single hydrological effects of it will be preliminarily deserved. Regulation mechanism of runoff generation and concentration on the slope will be systematically identified and theory equation will be put forward. With numerical simulation technique, the method of simulating run-off generation and concentration on the slope can be improved to construct distributed hydrological model for the upstream Pi river basin. In summary, effect mechanism of litter layer on the overall hydrological process will be deserved from the basin scale. The project focus on: (1) water retention and conductivity of the litter with different degree of humification; (2) the impact of litter layer on the roughness, affecting the slope confluence. The research team of this project had a solid preparation, reasonable personnel constitute, and excellent experimental conditions.

本项目紧密围绕“枯落物对坡面产/汇流的调节机理”这一核心关键科学问题，在大量前期工作基础上，以室内微观检测试验、坡面控制实验与原型观测实验为支撑，剖析不同腐殖化程度枯落物的持水性和导水性及其对单一水文要素的影响，系统识别枯落物对坡面产流和汇流的调节机理，并提出理论方程；融合数值模拟技术，改进坡面产流和汇流的模拟方法，构建考虑枯落物的淠河流域上游分布式水文模型，从流域尺度识别枯落物对水文过程的整体调节机理。重点解决不同腐殖化程度枯落物的持水和导水特性、枯落物对影响坡面汇流的糙率影响两大关键科学问题。申报团队已开展了大量预研究工作，研究方案具有可行性。

本项目紧密围绕“枯落物对坡面产/汇流的调节机理”这一核心关键科学问题开展研究。依托淠河流域上游野外实验场和实验大厅，以乔木林、竹林和茶园为主要研究对象，开展野外原型实验和室内控制实验，获取了145.31万个气象、水文、水质和植被生长等观测与3.6万个检测数据。在此基础上，系统识别了枯落物对坡面产汇流关键要素过程的调节机理，分别改进了净放射量、枯落物蒸发、枯落物覆盖下土壤蒸发、枯落物截留和考虑枯落物糙度的坡面运动波方程，系统构建了考虑枯落物的产汇流理论方程组；在坡面尺度开展模拟校验，进一步改进流域分布式水文模型产流模块，构建了考虑枯落物作用的流域分布式水文模型，解析枯落物对流域水文过程的整体调节机制。项目执行期间，共发表/接收SCI论文12篇、1篇国际会议论文；申请国内发明专利5项，其中获授权1项；负责人获省部级科技奖励3项，获中国环境科学学会青年科学家奖、入选中国水利水电科学研究院五大人才计划“三型人才”—基础研究型人才；培养3名博士和1名硕士。