混凝土桥梁用植入式结构健康监测传感节点的远距离无线供能关键技术研究

The issue of bridge safety and durability has increasingly attracted public attention. With the advantage of low cost, compactness, easy communication and easy implantation, Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSNs) bring great opportunities for structural health monitoring (Structural Health Monitoring, SHM) of concrete bridges. The life limitation of WSNs’ energy supply is the main bottleneck of the life-long SHM for bridge, and it is urgent to solve them..The project starts from the characteristics of concrete bridge structures, establishes a multi-layer dielectric energy transmission channel model. Using microwaves as the energy medium, we will understand the electromagnetic wave transmission mechanism in concrete structures in the physical domain，and establish an energy transmission efficiency model; In the signal domain, with understanding the multipath of the concrete bridge structure background, the effect of occlusion effect on the efficiency of wireless power supply system will reveal the deterioration mechanism of its transmission efficiency; Adaptive multi-node power transmission with smart antennas, power field adjustment based on metamaterial, and optimization of receiving-transmitting matching will be carried out. A multi-node, high-efficiency wireless energy supply method system will be established; The wireless energy supply experiment methods and evaluation systems will be proposed, and the verification system will also be established..This study will provide a theoretical framework and experimental method for the breakthrough of all-weather, high-efficiency long-distance energy supply for next-generation implantable WSNs for concrete bridge SHM.

桥梁安全性和耐久性问题日益引起社会关注。无线传感节点（Wireless Sensor Nodes，WSNs）因廉价、紧凑、易通信及易植入为混凝土桥梁结构健康监测（Structural Health Monitoring，SHM）带来了新机遇。供能问题是植入式WSNs为桥梁长期SHM的主要瓶颈，亟待解决。.课题从混凝土结构特征出发，建立多层介质输能信道模型；以微波为能量媒介，在物理域理解混凝土结构中电磁波传输机理，建立传输效率模型；在信号域理解混凝土桥梁结构背景下多径、遮挡效应对无线供能系统效率的影响，揭示其对传输效率的恶化机理；开展智能天线自适应多节点输能、超材料功率场聚焦调控及收、发匹配优化研究，建立多节点、高效无线供能方法体系；开展无线供能实验方法和评估体系研究，建立验证系统。.本研究将为混凝土桥梁SHM下一代植入式WSNs的全天候、高效远距离供能的突破提供理论依据和实验方法。

桥梁结构健康及其监测一直是世界性的研究热点。无线传感节点（Wireless Sensor Nodes，WSNs）因廉价、紧凑、易通信及易植入为混凝土桥梁结构健康监测（Structural Health Monitoring，SHM）带来了新机遇。通常给WSNs供电的有限电池容量限制了结构健康监测节点的工作寿命，无法与大型桥梁设计寿命匹配。亟需开发能够替代电池为WSNs供能的新方法。.本项目首先深入研究了混凝土结构特征下电磁传输特性，采用等效电路理论、有限元方法建立微波无线供能的数值计算模型,构建了信息、功率高效协同传输的方法体系。具体地，研究主要从以下三个方面开展：1)分析了混凝土桥梁结构背景下微波能量传输效率的恶化机理，建立了传输效率模型,围绕复杂混凝土桥梁结构背景，研制了易植入、节流、可实时健康监测的无线传感节点。2)采用数值仿真和实验测试方法建立了超材料、超表面功率场聚焦调控、自适应多节点输能的方法体系；3) 结合人工智能前沿技术联合优化无线传感器节点资源分配，实现了分布式多节点波束精确指向的全天候、高效率能量、信息协同传输方法。相关研究成果将促进无线传感器网络在我国混凝土桥梁SHM应用的供能问题提供新理论支撑和新思路。本项目全面地完成了预期研究目标，在重要学术期刊发表论文23篇，发表会议文章6篇，申请国家发明专利6项，其中授权2项，培养博士生4名，硕士生9名。项目负责人晋升为研究员，1名骨干成员晋升为副研究员，1名骨干成员由师资博士后转为正式教师。