复合流场作用下多风道集热墙热湿迁移特性与共轭传热机理研究

Related studies show that the use of solar heating wall can reduce the building heating energy consumption by 30%, but the fact proves that the structure scale of the collector wall is fixed and the airflow organization is single, which will reduce the indoor comfort experience of most high-rise buildings while increase the energy consumptions. Under the background of the renewable energy integrated strategy of buildings in China and the poor application of trombe wall in urban high-rise buildings, this research focuses on the local microclimate and thermal environment of urban high-rise buildings. Based on the theory of unsteady conjugate heat transfer, the thermal and moisture transfer characteristics of Trombe wall and the response of indoor thermal environment are analyzed layer by layer. The following research is carried out as follows: 1) establishes the non-steady state thinning heat transfer model of the Trombe wall near the wall based on the actual measurement and numerical simulation, surface, and summarizes the coupling effect of local microclimate variables on heat conduction and convection on the wall surface of high-rise buildings; (2) establishes a multi-channel unsteady heat transfer model of Trombe wall, and proposes a discrete heat source method to enhance convection heat transfer. The relationship between thermal performance and indoor thermal comfort of heat preservation wall is clarified, and the conjugate heat transfer correlation model is established by grasping the heat storage and exothermic characteristics of multi-air Trombe wall and strengthening heat transfer and heat and moisture transfer characteristics; (3) The quantitative evaluation standard of dynamic response of indoor thermal environment is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for the integration of assembled Trombe wall and solar energy building.

相关研究表明太阳能集热墙的使用可减少建筑采暖能耗30%，但事实证明集热墙构造尺度固定、气流组织单一的弊端会恶化部分高层建筑的室内舒适体验，同时加重能耗。本研究以我国可再生能源建筑一体化战略为背景，太阳能集热墙在城市高层建筑中应用性差为契机，立足于城市高层建筑局地微气候与热环境，基于非稳态共轭传热理论对集热墙热湿迁移特性与室内热环境响应等问题逐层剖析，开展如下研究：1）通过实测与数值模拟建立集热墙近壁面非稳态细化传热模型，总结高层建筑局地微气候变量对集热墙壁面导热与对流传热的耦合影响规律；2）创建集热墙多风道非稳态传热模型，提出离散热源强化对流换热方法，明确保温构造对提升集热墙热工性能与室内热舒适度的关系，掌握多风道集热墙蓄-放热、强化换热与热湿传递特性；3）耦合室内外复合流场创建共轭传热关联模型，获得室内热环境动态响应定量评价标准，为装配式集热墙与太阳能建筑一体化的推进提供理论依据。

扩大可再生能源建筑应用规模、提升可再生能源建筑应用质量是满足当代城镇化用能需求持续增长，人民生活水平稳步提高的现实目标。探究太阳能集热墙在城市建筑群复合流场作用下的流-固耦合传热特性，掌握集热墙空气夹层的多风道对流换热机理对推动其产业化发展和应用具有重要意义。本项目以寒冷地区典型高层居住建筑为研究对象，通过对建筑近壁面微气候开展周期性实验，探明了微气候因子随建筑立面尺度梯度变化的响应规律。在此基础上，描述了近壁面微气候扰动下集热墙的非稳态传热过程。通过傅里叶函数拟合法求解非稳态边界条件后，提出了基于近壁面微气候变量的集热墙优化方法。同时，基于热平衡理论和数值模拟的方法探明了多风道结构布置形式对集热墙在复合流场作用下强化换热及管间气流组织的影响规律，充分讨论了多风道集热墙差异性风管管数、风管管径和风管排列方式的换热特性。随后，依托冷热箱实验平台对等比例集热墙简化模型开展实验研究，通过夹层内气流流量和压差的变量控制明确了保温构造对集热墙稳定传热的动态影响。此外，本项目还提出了一种夏季工况下基于毛细液态纱窗的被动式侧向通风蒸发降温方法，并对其热质交换、焓湿变量和空气焓差进行了数学讨论，充分证明了其可行性。在建立耦合太阳能集热墙和侧向蒸发冷却流动传热模型的基础上，采用数值模拟的方法分析并总结了基于热压通风与蒸发降温的室内空间共轭传热特性，对室内热环境动态响应进行了定量评价。本课题进行期间，已发表论文14篇，其中SCI检索论文7篇，EI检索论文3篇，获得授权实用新型专利2项，1项发明专利进入实质审查阶段。本项目通过近壁面微气候实测，获得了关键微气候参数变量与墙体传热的响应关系，明确了水平与垂直梯度下集热墙的热过程特性，所提出的多风道集热墙设计较好地解决了传统集热墙温升较慢和集热效率波动大的技术问题，耦合液态降温纱窗的被动通风理论改善了夏季工况下易造成室内热环境劣化等现象。本项目所得成果具有较高的学术和应用价值，可为推进集热墙构件标准化和太阳能建筑一体化提供技术支撑和理论依据。