中国蛛毛苣苔属的分类学研究

What we will to do in the Post-Flora time, and how to integrate classic taxonomy with iFlora, Chinese plant taxonomists must face to the brand-new question. The genus Paraboea belongs to Gesneriaceae, which is typical taxa in limestone flora. In China about 26 species of Paraboea have been recorded, including 20 endemic species. The genus Paraboea in China face to many problems at present, such as the species complexes, the circumscription of species and infraspecies and the synonym merger. On the basis of literature survey, and both herbarium and field observations, the statistic analysis on all major morphological characters of the Chinese Paraboea species at the population level will be used in the course of conducting taxonomic treatment of the genus. Based on the statistic analysis on the major morphological characters at the population level, the taxonomic value of the morphological characters will be evaluated, and a correct circumscription of taxa will be conducted on the basis of "morphology-geography" and DNA barcoding method. As a result, the existing taxonomic problem in the Chinese Paraboea will be answered. Combined with evidence from morphology and molecular biology, This program will be help to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus Paraboea and understand the speciation in future, and also the taxonomic system will be tried to discussed. We will give the Chinese Paraboea a Comprehensively taxonomic revision in this program based on classical taxonomy, phytogeography and molecular systematics. We believe that the foundation of taxonomic revision of Paraboea in the world will be establish, and also the new model of taxonomic revision will be impelled in the Post-Flora time.

在“后植物志时代”如何开展分类学研究，如何将经典植物分类学和新一代植物志iFlora有机整合是中国植物分类学家面临的一个崭新的科学问题。蛛毛苣苔属隶属苦苣苔科，为典型的石灰岩植物类群。我国共记录有蛛毛苣苔属植物约26种，目前该属植物资源不清楚，在种复合体、种和种下等级划分、异名归并等方面存在分类学问题。本研究以居群为指导思想，通过大量的野外和室内研究，对主要的形态性状进行统计分析，并运用DNA 条形码序列来鉴定区分物种，澄清国产蛛毛苣苔属植物中目前存在的分类学问题；联合形态证据和分子证据，构建该属的系统发育关系，探讨蛛毛苣苔属植物的物种演化，并试探蛛毛苣苔属的属下分类系统，为推动该属世界性修订奠定基础。该项目将植物经典分类学、植物地理学、植物分子系统学等有机的结合起来，对国产蛛毛苣苔属植物进行系统而全面的分类修订，为iFlora提供基础数据，推进“后植物志世代”分类学研究的新模式。

蛛毛苣苔属主要分布于中国南部、西南部及东南亚的石灰岩地区，本项目以该属为研究对象，查阅和鉴定馆藏蛛毛苣苔属植物标本1400余份，野外调查共采集蛛毛苣苔属植物标本约320号、1230余份，拍摄生态照片3000余幅，并按照居群水平进行了分子实验材料取样，收集到该属材料约580余份。开展了国产蛛毛苣苔属16个物种的花粉形态电镜扫描分析。基于国产蛛毛苣苔属245个个体共代表30个物种，采用ITS、trnL-F、matK、ndhF-trnL同时结合GenBank中已有的该属序列组成物种水平矩阵，重建了蛛毛苣苔属的系统发育关系，最后基于形态学和系统学研究结果对我国蛛毛苣苔属植物进行了全面的修订，已发表相关研究论文3篇（其中SCI论文2篇）。.目前我国共记录有蛛毛苣苔属植物31种，其中21个特有种，10个广布种。本项目发表新种4个，基于馆藏标本信息和野外调查信息，构建了中国蛛毛苣苔属植物的分布格局，发现滇黔桂喀斯特地区是该属在我国的分布中心和多样性中心，特有性显著。基于多个基因片段对我国蛛毛苣苔属植物进行了分子系统学研究。发现中国蛛毛苣苔属植物不是一个单系类群，共包含三个分支：(1)核心中国蛛毛苣苔属植物形成支持率较高的一支，同时各分支内部多数物种间的系统发育关系得到了较好解决；(2)唇萼苣苔为一支；(3)海南蛛毛苣苔和昌江蛛毛苣苔互为姐妹对聚为一支，不与蛛毛苣苔属的其他类群聚在一起。.基于形态学和系统学研究结果，我们认为海南蛛毛苣苔和昌江蛛毛苣苔互为姐妹对形成独立的一支，结合形态性状，应将海南岛的海南蛛毛苣苔和昌江蛛毛苣苔应从蛛毛苣苔属分离出来，转入米氏苣苔属中。伞花蛛毛苣苔处理应该为一个独立的物种，不支持作为锈色蛛毛苣苔的一个变种处理；三苞蛛毛苣苔物种成立，不支持将该种作为锈色蛛毛苣苔的一个异名处理；棒萼蛛毛苣苔处理为一个独立的物种，不支持将其与髯丝蛛毛苣苔归并；网脉蛛毛苣苔形态复合群中的网脉蛛毛苣苔、三苞蛛毛苣苔、四苞蛛毛苣苔和细叶蛛毛苣苔从分子系统发育学角度得到一定的解决。