高维多用户量子通信技术研究

This proposal plans to study the following four directions: 1. high-dimensional multi-degree-freedom coding; 2. high-dimensional multi-user quantum repeater; 3. high-dimensional multi-user quantum router; 4. high-dimensional multi-user quantum communication protocol. Within this project, we will establish a high-dimensional multi-user quantum communication. By investigating the interaction between the different degrees of freedom of photons, we plan to utilize the high-dimensional single degree of freedom or more degrees of freedom hybrid coding to improve the capacity and security for quantum communication. Based on the above mentioned research, we try to disclose the light-matter interaction under the high-dimensional systems and put forward the corresponding quantum storage and purification operation. We also explore high-dimensional quantum router and propose related quantum communication protocol for high-dimensional and multi-degree-freedom quantum states. With all the aforementioned aspects, we hope to build the framework for high-efficiency multi-user quantum communication and provide key theoretical and technical support for high-dimensional quantum network.

课题拟在以下四个方面展开研究：1、高维多自由度量子态编码；2、高维多用户量子中继；3、高维多用户量子路由；4、高维多用户量子通信协议。我们希望通过本课题实现高维的多用户量子通信，研究光子态不同自由度之间的相互影响，并利用高维单一自由度或多自由度混合编码提高量子通信容量和安全性；在此基础上深入理解高维混合编码量子态与物质之间的相互作用，提出相应的量子存储和提纯方案；探索实现高维量子路由；提出针对高维多自由度编码的量子通信协议，建立高效的多用户量子通信框架，为实现高维量子通信网络提供关键的理论及技术支撑。

量子通信因其可实现通信双方间无条件安全的通信，近年来受到广泛关注。但现有研究主要集中在两用户间利用低维量子态进行通信。基于高维量子态的多用户量子网络是量子通信发展的必然趋势。项目针对高维多用户量子网络，从高维、多粒子量子纠缠的制备、调控和测量，通信设备、通信信道、通信协议和安全性分析等多个角度开展深入研究。发表学术论文12篇，其中中科院分区一区论文3篇，二区论文5篇，申请国家发明专利3项，培养博士研究生和硕士研究生各5名。重要结果如下：.1) 发表一系列文章揭示量子纠缠和图论的关系，为多粒子、高维度量子纠缠的理论分析和实验提供新的思路，为基于量子纠缠的多用户、高维量子网络的设计和实现提供新的解决方案(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 4147 (2019) (中科院分区一区)；Physical Review A 101, 033816 (2020) (中科院分区二区))..2) 发表一系列文章基于多校验子并行计算打破高速量子通信后处理瓶颈，首次单GPU突破100Mbps处理速度，为高速量子网络的实现提供通用高速后处理解决方案(Optics Express 27, 14545 (2019) (中科院分区二区); Physical Review A 102, 022604 (2020) (中科院分区二区); SN Computer Science 2, 1 (2021))..3) 发表一系列文章针对不同应用场景和光子自由度为多用户、高维量子通信提供硬件、协议等解决方案(Physical Review Letters 20, 200502 (2018) (中科院分区一区)；NPJ Quantum Information 5, 43 (2019) (中科院分区一区); Optics Express 28, 11033 (2020) (中科院分区二区))。