发展转型视域下珠三角乡村空间多元分化：演变、类型、动力与治理

Based on the national implementation of the rural-revitalization strategy, the project focuses on the core scientific issues of rural transformation, such as the processes and types of rural spatial differentiation, dynamic mechanism and spatial reconstruction governance in economic developed areas. With the objective of exploring the dynamic mechanism and governance system of rural spatial diversification and differentiation, the main line of the project research is the elements change of rural development transformation, then, the spatial differentiation and reconstruction of spatial function and structure(production, livelihood, land use, ecology, society and culture, institution), then dynamic mechanism (government power, social power, market power, etc.), and then, the spatial governance(power distribution, subject game theory, spatial integration and factor allocation). From the perspectives of multi-scale, multi-location and multi-dimension, integrated multidisciplinary theories and methods, the study focuses on the regular stage, regional types, dynamical mechanism and spatial governance system for the spatial differentiation of rural development transformation in the Pearl River Delta region. The purpose of this research is to: (1)summarize the theoretical framework of spatial differentiation and governance of rural transformation; (2)comprehensively analyze its dynamic mechanism and the construction of governance system; (3) summarize and refine the models of rural spatial governance in different types of regions; (4)systematically analyze the growth mechanism and the main geographical elements of its model; (5)Comparatively analyze typical development patterns in terms of the evolution process and interaction mechanism among various factors; (6)systematically study the scientific approaches and feasible paths for rural revitalization and spatial governance and propose the optimized adjustment of urban-rural relation, rural spatial regulation, policy orientation and optimization in the Pearl River Delta region.

立足于国家实施乡村振兴战略背景，项目着眼于乡村空间转型分化的演变过程、地域类型、动力机制及重构治理等核心科学问题，以探究乡村空间多元分化的动力和治理机制为目标，遵循“要素变迁→空间功能与结构重组（生产、生活、土地、景观、社会、文化、制度等）→动力机制（政府力、社会力、市场力等）→空间治理（权力分配、主体博弈、空间整合、要素配置）“的研究主线，综合集成多学科的理论和方法，从多尺度、多区位、多维度视角，重点开展珠三角地区乡村空间转型分化的演变过程、地域类型、动力机制及其空间治理途径和模式研究。以期归纳总结乡村空间转型分化与重构治理机制的理论框架，总结提炼不同类型乡村重构治理的地域模式，并系统分析其模式的成长机制与主导地理要素，深入比较分析典型模式的演化过程和要素互馈作用机制，提出珠三角乡村空间管制与治理的政策取向及科学途径。

立足城乡融合发展和乡村振兴战略需求，探寻乡村发展转型、分化与重构、治理与调控机制。项目从全国尺度、区域尺度和村域尺度开展了一系列综合研究。研究内容包括乡村地域功能转型、乡村脆弱性、乡村发展分化及其典型村庄空间重构及其治理机制。取得以下重要研究结果：①中国乡村地域多功能在空间上呈现出平原、东部沿海等地区高值集聚，高原、山地等地区低值集聚。经济发展功能和生活保障功能对乡村地域多功能的贡献率逐渐增大，农业生产功能和生态保育功能对乡村地域多功能的贡献率逐渐减小。②中国县域乡村脆弱性整体上处于较低脆弱度和中脆弱度阈值区间，外部性环境因素是诱发乡村脆弱性的先导因素，生态暴露、生态敏感和生态适应构成的乡村生态子系统是乡村脆弱性的根本性影响因素；经济暴露、经济敏感和经济适应构成的乡村经济子系统是乡村脆弱性的核心影响因素。③珠三角地区城乡体系逐步向一体化和网络化发展，乡村发展趋向多元分化，乡村破碎化的非正规空间促使形成全球城市区域下马赛克式分布的空间格局。以乡村地域主导功能为划分原则，广州市乡村发展分化为经济发展功能主导型、社会保障功能主导型、农业生产功能主导型、生态保育功能主导型、均衡发展型和综合发展型等6种类型，在空间上依次呈现出围绕主城区和城市副中心的圈层结构特征。④乡村空间重构蕴含着资本博弈和协商治理的逻辑，城市资本在与村集体、村民的利益博弈中达成平衡。乡村物质空间的多元分化动力主要源于新产业介入和主导产业的更替转变。本地村民、代耕农民、经济合作社、工业经营主体和服务业主体等行为主体对空间进行争夺和利益博弈，村社组织起着关键的中介作用。⑤面向乡村振兴的现代化治理框架是地方经济发展与治理逻辑的契合，并在治理主体多元化、治理对象全面化、治理方式规制化、治理过程理性化、组织结构体系化以及治理能力现代化的过程中实现乡村产业、人才、生态、组织、文化等要素的振兴。