大型轻量化张拉式空间可展开天线机构创新设计与多构态优化

The aerospace missions of future require aerospace deployable mechanisms to be with larger deployed state, ultra-light mass and higher folding rate. However, the current aerospace deployable mechanisms are mostly truss structures that their mass and folded volume will not satisfy the requirement of ultra-large antennas. This project will propose a creative design method for the large tensioned deployable antennas. This method is to construct various spatial tensioned deployable units from planar truss structures. New configurations of modular tensioned deployable antennas then can be built by combining units with movable connections. The establishment of configuration library of tensioned deployable mechanisms will be realized in this way. This project will present the method of multipoint distributed passive drivers for tensioned deployable antennas and optimize the allocation of drivers. The dynamic model of tensioned deployable mechanisms with a mass of flexible cables will be established to reveal the motion law of large flexible deformation in deploying process. The influence of tensioned cables' distribution to deployed dynamic characteristics will be clarified to make an optimization model of cables' distribution. The comprehensive optimization design method for the multi-configuration tensioned deployable mechanisms will be put forward to deal with the multidisciplinary difficulty and multi-objective optimization design problem of tensioned deployable mechanisms under space environment. This work aims to develop a platform for the comprehensive optimization design of tensioned deployable mechanisms. The tensioned deployable prototype will be manufactured to verify the theoretical analysis and design method. This project will finally provide a theoretical and technical support for the applications of tensioned deployable antennas.

未来的空间任务需要应用超大型、超轻量化、高收拢率的空间可展开机构，目前的空间可展开机构大多是桁架式机构，其重量和收拢体积无法满足未来超大型空间天线的应用需求。本项目提出大型张拉式可展开天线机构创新设计方法，该方法从平面桁架机构出发构造出多种空间三维张拉可展单元，进而通过单元间的可动连接构建出模块化张拉可展天线机构新构型，形成张拉可展机构型谱库。提出张拉可展机构多点分布式无源驱动方法，实现驱动源优化配置。建立含大量柔索的张拉可展机构动力学模型，揭示展开过程中柔索大变形运动规律，阐明张力索布局对展开态动态特性的影响机理，建立张力索布局优化模型。提出张拉式可展开机构多构态综合优化设计方法，解决空间环境下张拉式可展开机构多学科、多目标优化设计问题，开发张拉式可展机构综合优化设计平台。研制新型张拉式可展天线机构原理样机，验证理论分析与设计方法的正确性。为张拉可展天线机构的工程应用提供理论和技术支撑。

空间张拉式可展开机构减少了刚性构件和关节数量，为未来超大型空间可展开机构提供了解决方案。本项目主要研究成果如下：. （1）基于图论与螺旋理论，提出了空间可展单元构型综合方法，构建了张拉式可展机构基础骨架构型型谱库。提出了张拉整体结构的参数化自动构型理论，构建出张拉整体结构构型型谱库。. （2）研制了结构与驱动功能一体化的超弹性铰链，设计了弹性铰链多点分布式驱动方案，通过样机展开测试验证了驱动方案的可行性。建立了含柔索和超弹性铰链的张拉式可展开机构等效动力学模型，在保证精度的基础上极大的减少建模及计算工作量。. （3）基于力平衡原理，提出了索杆互换原理及多杆多索稳定条件。建立了张拉机构系统平衡矩阵方程，基于力密度法给出了稳定自平衡结构的结构参数条件。提出了一套基于重要性判别的拉索布局优化流程。融合受约束铰链等效刚度-阻尼动力学模型，建立了含预应力的非线性索、梁单元的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵，通过有限元组集建立了张拉机构展开态动力学模型。建立系统动态精度优化模型，得到了张拉机构中各种张紧索的最佳预应力分布，显著提高了天线机构的形状精度。. （4）建立了张拉机构多参数多构态综合优化模型，应用多岛遗传算法，得出了综合性能最优的结构参数和构型参数。基于VS2017平台，采用MATLAB混合编程的方式开发了张拉式可展开机构综合优化平台。. （5）研制出张拉伸展臂样机、索杆张拉式抛物面可展天线样机及索杆张拉式环形天线样机，开展了伸展驱动、结构刚度、展开精度等测试，验证了理论分析的正确性。. 本课题研究工作为张拉式可展开机构在航天领域的工程应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。. 该项目取得的重要研究成果包括：. 项目负责人刘荣强参与的“星载大口径超高精度金属网天线技术及应用项目”获2019年度中国机械工业科技二等奖（第二完成人）；出版专著《空间可展开天线机构创新设计》1本（第二完成人）；项目共发表SCI论文13篇，其中JCR Q1论文6篇；EI论文10篇；申请发明专利7项，已授权4项。