地方市场分割制度环境、核心能力与民营企业成长战略选择：理论模型与实证研究

In China today, most competitive private enterprises still insist the stratrgy that expanding the scale of enterprises first, then become stronge with the foundation of large scale. They always put the strategy which trying to build strong competitive power in industry first then enlarge enterprise size in back burner. However, the latter strategy, which can also be considered as "Be most powerful in one industry in China first, then expand to whole world", is always regarded as the best growing path for private enterprises to be world-class enterprise in the practice of strategic management. Aimed on this situation, we propose the view that regional market segmented institutional environment is a critical factor for this type of strategic choice. However, the funcion mechanism of effect on strategy of institutional environment is pretty remarkably complicated and just becomes a difficult theoreical problem in academics worldwide. So, this program sets based on an integrated view combined of institution based view (IBV), resourse based view (RBV) and industry based view(IV), regards core competence as the result of combined action of legality mechanism and efficiency mechanism, takes multiple cases comparing and large samples empirical methods, to study the process and mechanism of how private enterprises build core competence and make strategic choice of growing path systematically, under the unique situation that regional institutional difference and market segmention exist in different regions around China. Besides, we also try to investigate the effect of industry environment and characteristics, which may be the moderating factor for the mechanism. This program will be an important attempt for theorising the unique situation of economic transition period in China, which has great meaning on throwing light upon the mechanism of how institution affects strategic choice of growing path of enterprises, uncovering private enterprise growing laws, as well as promoting enterprises to develop towards world-class units.

针对目前大部分优势民营企业在战略管理实践中仍然坚持"做大做强"，却没有按照学术界与政府所倡导的"做强做大"、即"先做中国第一，再做世界第一"的最佳战略路径以成长为世界级企业的现状，提出地方市场分割制度环境是导致民营企业这种战略选择的关键因素。事实上，制度环境对企业战略的作用机理极为复杂，也是当前国内外学术界尚未解决的理论难题。由此，本项目基于制度基础观、资源基础观与产业基础观整合的视角，将核心能力视为制度基础观合法性机制与资源基础观效率机制共同作用的结果，采用多案例比较研究与大样本实证研究等方法，来系统探索中国不同区域之间制度环境差异与市场分割这种独特情境影响民营企业核心能力构建与成长战略选择的机制与过程，同时考察产业环境特征的调节效应。这是将转型期中国独特情境理论化的一次重要尝试，对于阐明制度环境影响企业成长战略选择的机制，揭示民营企业成长规律，推动民营企业朝世界级企业成长具有重要意义。

随着经济全球化进程的加速和全面深化改革的深入，中国比以往任何时候都更需要大力发展世界级企业。针对目前多数民营企业在战略管理实践中仍然坚持“做大做强”，却没有按照学术界与政府所倡导的“做强做大”、即“先做中国第一，再做世界第一”的最佳战略路径以成长为世界级企业的现状，提出制度环境是导致民营企业这种战略选择的关键因素。事实上，制度环境对企业战略的作用机理极为复杂，也是当前国内外学术界尚未解决的理论难题。由此，项目基于制度基础观、资源基础观与产业基础观整合的视角，将核心能力视为制度基础观合法性机制与资源基础观效率机制共同作用的结果，来探索区域制度环境影响民营企业核心能力构建与成长战略选择的机制与过程。.研究内容包括：中国民营企业所处制度环境，主要涉及制度与制度环境，民营企业所处制度环境的变迁，民营企业当前所面临制度环境的特点；制度环境对民营企业核心能力的影响，制度环境的不同，导致民营企业所形成的核心能力也存在差异；民营企业核心能力对成长战略选择的影响，民营核心能力的不同，导致其成长战略的选择也不一样；情境因素的调节作用；等等。.研究发现：制度环境对民营企业核心能力的形成与发展具有重要影响。区域市场化程度越高，民营企业越倾向于发展行业专家型核心能力（如技术创新能力等），越不倾向于发展社会资本型核心能力（如政治关联），反之亦然。民营企业核心能力决定了其成长战略的选择。行业专家型核心能力强的民营企业，越倾向于选择同一或相关行业内的区域多元化战略。社会资本型核心能力强的民营企业，越倾向于选择行业多元化战略。同时，情境因素在上述过程中起到了调节作用。.项目研究结论在一定程度上揭示了制度环境影响企业核心能力形成与成长战略选择的内在机制与过程，是将转型期中国独特情境理论化的一次成功尝试，对于RBV、IO与IBV三个理论视角的融合，揭示民营企业成长规律，推动民营企业朝世界级企业成长具有重要意义。