石墨烯功能纳米材料及其在食品安全传感器中的应用研究

Through this project, the technology for preparing mesoporous metal oxide (M2On) functionalized graphene nanao-hybrids with controllable composition and morphology will be studied by using the regulation of electrochemical/chemcial methods. The inherent laws of grephene-mesoporous M2On functional nanomaterials with different composition and morphology and their electrochemical sensing specialities will be explored. The nano-enhancement effect, electronic transfer effect sped up by nano-interface, nano-enrichment effect and the electrochemical sensing theory of graphene-based funtional nanomaterials will be investigated. The electrochemical behaviors, sensing mechanisms and signal switching mechanisms of food additives will be researched on grephene-M2On functional materials with different composition and morphology utilizing the dual-sensitizing effect of graphene hybrids. And the new methods and new sensors with high sensitivity, good selectivity and fast in-situ detection serviceability will be developed for the practical analysis of food samples. This project will creat new techniques and new methods for preparing and studying graphene-based functional nanomaterials with high catalytic activility, and the obtained nano-sensing theory, sensitizing mechanism and preparation technology are advantageous to the fabrication of wider nano-food safety electrochemical sensors.

本课题拟利用电化学/化学手段进行调控，开展组成和形貌可控的介孔金属氧化物功能化石墨烯纳米复合材料制备技术的研究。探索不同组成和形貌的石墨烯-介孔金属氧化物功能纳米材料与其电化学传感特性之间的内在规律。重点研究纳米增强效应、纳米界面加速电子转移效应、纳米富集效应以及石墨烯功能纳米材料的电化学传感理论。结合石墨烯复合材料的双重增敏作用，研究食品添加剂在不同组成和形貌纳米石墨烯-介孔金属氧化物功能材料上的电化学行为、敏感机理和信号转换机制，建立高灵敏度、高选择性、适合快速现场检测的新方法和新传感器件，用于食品样品的实际分析。本课题将在高催化活性的石墨烯功能纳米材料的制备和研究方面开创新技术和新方法，所获得的纳米传感理论、敏感机理和制备技术有利于构筑更广泛的纳米食品安全电化学传感器。

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯，并以此为原料，通过共价键、配位键、离子键等相互作用将不同组成和形貌的纳米金属或金属氧化物组装成功能纳米复合材料，借助傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱等对其结构和性能进行了全面的表征，探讨了石墨烯功能纳米材料的形成过程。基于此构建了一系列针对食品中有毒有害物质的食品安全电化学传感器，探索了石墨烯功能纳米材料的组成及形貌对其电化学性质和传感响应选择性的影响规律；提出了新颖的传感方法和信号放大模式；详细地研究了食品中有毒有害物质在传感器上的电化学行为，结果表明由于各组份间的协同效应，石墨烯功能纳米材料不仅具有原单一纳米材料的性质，而且产生更多新的优异性能，呈现出很高的催化活性和快速响应特征。同时，构建的这些新型电化学传感器具有良好的重现性、稳定性和抗干扰能力，表现出较宽的线性检测范围和较低的检出限，而且构建的电化学传感器均可成功地用于实际食物样品的分析。