基于势流-粘性耗散理论的点吸式装置阵列波能转换控制机理研究

The Point-absorption wave energy utilization is gradually developing towards array scale. However, because of the lack of efficient and accurate calculation methods for the interacted hydrodynamics of the multiple bodies in waves, the array layout and optimization control of the power take-off (PTO) system become difficult problems for the efficient and stable conversion of wave energy. In such case, this project takes the point-absorption wave energy converter (PAWEC) array as the research object, aiming at its viscous modified hydrodynamic characteristics and energy conversion mechanism. Based upon the potential flow theory, the virtual free-surface and in-fluid mixed viscous dissipation are introduced. A fast and effective algorithm for viscous hydrodynamics of PAWEC array are developed by validating the numerical analysis method with model experiments. The nonlinear frequency and time domain coupled dynamic models of the PAWEC array system are established respectively. By using numerical iteration and genetic algorithm, the matching mechanism between energy conversion of PTO system and motion of floating body array is revealed. The optimal design scheme of array layout and PTO system is proposed, and the nonlinear model predictive control strategy and calculation method for safe, efficient and stable conversion of wave energy are developed. The research results of the project can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development of scale and industrialization of wave energy utilization in China.

点吸式波浪能利用正逐步向阵列规模化发展，但由于缺乏多浮体在波浪中相互作用水动力的高效准确预报方法，阵列布局及动力输出(PTO)系统优化控制成为波浪能高效稳定转换的难题，为此，本项目拟以点吸式波能转换装置(PAWEC)阵列为研究对象，针对其粘性修正水动力特性和能量转换机理开展研究。基于势流理论引入虚拟的自由面和流域内混合粘性耗散项，利用模型实验验证数值分析方法，发展PAWEC阵列粘性水动力的快速有效算法，分别建立PAWEC阵列系统非线性频域和时域耦合动力学模型，利用数值迭代及遗传优化算法，揭示PTO系统能量转换与浮体阵列运动的匹配机理，提出阵列布局及PTO系统优化设计方案，发展系统波浪能安全高效稳定转换的非线性模型预测控制策略及计算方法。项目的研究成果可为我国波浪能利用向规模化和产业化发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。

本项目以点吸式波能转换装置(PAWEC)阵列为研究对象，针对其向阵列规模化发展过程中，存在的多浮体相互作用水动力粘性修正，及其对阵列布局及动力输出系统（PTO）优化而导致的能量转换效率影响相关问题展开研究。通过在势流理论基础上引入虚拟的自由面和流域内混合粘性耗散项，结合模型实验完善耗散系数选取办法，发展得到了PAWEC阵列粘性水动力的快速有效算法；结合PTO系统载荷输入与功率输出特性，分别建立了PAWEC阵列波能转换系统非线性频域和时域耦合动力学模型，通过数值迭代算法，揭示了PTO系统能量转换与浮体阵列运动的匹配机理，得到了PAWEC阵列布局及PTO系统优化设计方案，进而建立了系统安全高效稳定转换波浪能的非线性模型预测控制策略和计算方法；通过模型实验进一步揭示了波浪环境下装置阵列的耦合水动力特性和波能转换机理，并验证了理论预报方法的建立和数值计算结果的可靠性。本项目研究得到的PAWEC阵列波浪能发电耦合动力学模型，及波浪能高效发电系统设计理论，对掌握波浪能转换系统与海洋环境的耦合机理，提高波浪能利用系统效率及可靠性，降低安装运行维护成本等方面具有重要的理论价值和应用前景，对提升我国海洋新型产业的规模化和技术竞争力具有重大意义。