可穿戴大面积柔性纤维染料敏化太阳能电池研究

Aiming at the important science problems and key technology issues on wearable flexible fiber dye-sensitized solar cells (FFDSSCs) made from low fill factor, small photovoltage, poor power conversion efficiency, high cost of the platinum wire counter electrode (CE) and difficult for the practical application, innovative researches on the carbon fiber and transition metal sulfide composite fiber electrode for the replacement of platinum wire is carried out, and the stable composite TiO2 fiber optical anode is constructed, and the wearable large area FFDSSC is assembled and connected in series and parallel. Through the electrode materials’ design synthesis, surface modification, property measurement, structure characterization, device design and performance evaluation, the key issues for microstructure regulation of the fiber electrode, energy level matching of key components and device fabrication are solved, the relationship and mechanism of the fiber electrode on photoinduced charge carrier production, evolvement and transportation are illustrated, thus the purpose of the photoelectric conversion efficiency enhanced significantly is accomplished, and the FFDSSCs with good long-term stability and power conversion efficiency over 10.5% is achieved, and provide technology support for the novel solar cells practical development.

针对柔性纤维染料敏化太阳能电池（FFDSSCs）填充因子偏低、光电压较小、电池转换效率较低、铂丝对电极成本高和实际应用困难等科学问题和关键技术，开展可替代铂丝的碳纤维和过渡金属硫化物复合纤维对电极研究，构建性能稳定的复合TiO2纤维光阳极，组装串并联可穿戴的大面积FFDSSC等应用技术创新性研究。通过电极材料的设计合成、表面修饰、性能和结构表征、器件设计和效能评价，解决纤维电极微结构调控、关键部件能级匹配和器件组装的关键问题，阐明纤维电极光生载流子产生、演化、输运之间的关系和机理，进而实现FFDSSC光电转换效率大幅度提高的目的，提供长程稳定性良好、光电转化效率超过10.5％的FFDSSC样机，为新型太阳能电池在实际应用提供技术支撑。

利用多次涂布法成功制备了柔性纤维状染料敏化的TiO2光阳极和纤维状多层的Pt对电极，并基于该纤维状Pt对电极制备纤维状柔性DSSCs，光电转换效率达到6.35%；在上述工作的基础上，制备了基于碳纤维/聚苯胺复合对电极的纤维柔性DSSCs，获得最高光电转换效率为7.83%，进一步提高了纤维状柔性DSSC光电转换效率，揭示了柔性纤维电极的可控制备规律；阐明了柔性对电极材料、电解质、染料能级匹配规律和柔性纤维DSSC器件光伏性能之间的关系。另外，利用水热法制备了CoSe2/MWCNTs、MoIn2S4、MoIn2S4/CNTs和MoInSnS多元合金对电极，基于这些对电极组装的DSSCs分别获得8.72%、6.51%、8.38%和7.17%光电转换效率；利用管式炉磷化磷化物前驱体来制备磷化物对电极，并将其首次组装成DSSCs。其中，基于CoP3对电极的DSSC电池转换效率达到6.84%。通过广泛的电化学和光电化学表征测试，研究合成温度、时间和碳材的含量与其导电催化性能之间的关系，揭示了工艺条件对所制备的多元金属对电极材料的晶体结构、晶体质量、形貌、晶粒大小、催化性能等的影响规律。通过光电性能测试表征，揭示对电极与太阳电池宏观光伏性能的关系。为了扩展柔性可穿戴器件的实际应用，我们在摩擦纳米发电机的研究方面进行探索，其中将收集的声音能量用在摩擦发电机上取得重要进展，该成果不仅为制造高性能声音驱动的摩擦纳米发电机提供了一种简单、经济有效的方法，而且使自供电传感应用成为可能。摩擦纳米发电机在人工智能、物联网、环境降噪等方面具有潜在的应用前景。