基于磁成像逆问题的开关电弧形态重构理论与关键技术研究

The electrical apparatus is the most important control and protection equipment in the electrical distribution network,the high performance, miniaturization and intelligence of electrical apparatus are the main directions of development. The switching arc is the most complex and important phenomenon in an electrical apparatus. Experimental study on the spatial shape and kinetic characteristics of electrical arc plasma based on the modern test technology is a necessary means to the development of electrical apparatus and plays an irreplaceable role. This project focuses on the research of theory and key technology of electric arc plasma shape reconstruction based on the magnetic imaging inverse problem. Firstly, in this work, with the comprehensive consideration of the structural and functional characteristics of low voltage electrical apparatus and the physical properties of the switching arc plasma in air, the correlations between arc current density distribution and the magnetic field distribution near the arc chamber will be analyzed. The 2D even 3D mathematic models of switching arc magnetic imaging inverse problem will be established. Secondly, some efficient and stable algorithms used for solving the inverse problem will be proposed. Then, the experimental platform for the measurement of spatial and temporal magnetic field of the electric arc plasma in continuous surface will be set up based on the principles of magnetic optical. The corresponding data processing software will be developed so that the determination of the distribution of arc current density, the arc plasma spatial shape and kinetic characteristics of switching arc, such as the arc moving speed and the trail of arc root, can be accomplished. The last, Based on the test platform, the experimental study will be carried out on the typical arcing chambers. The spatial shape features and kinetic characteristics of switching arc in air will be summarized. This research will provide a new test method and also more scientific references for the further exploration on the relevant laws of switching arc and the design of low voltage electrical apparatus.

开关电器是供用电系统中重要的控制和保护设备，高性能、小型化和智能化是其发展方向。开关电弧是开关电器中最复杂、最重要的物理现象。对开关电弧等离子体形态及其运动特性的实验测试在开关电器研究中具有不可替代的地位。本项目研究基于磁成像逆问题的开关电弧形态重构理论与关键技术，针对低压开关电器的功能和结构特点，结合电弧等离子体的物理特性，分析电弧电流密度分布与其周围空间磁场分布的相关性，建立开关电弧磁成像逆问题的数学模型，提出求解复杂栅片结构灭弧室中开关电弧磁成像逆问题的有效算法；基于磁光学原理构建实时测量开关电弧周围空间磁场分布的测试系统，实现开关电弧电流密度分布、空间形态以及弧根轨迹、运动速度等特性的测量；基于上述平台，针对典型灭弧室结构进行实验研究，总结空气介质开关电弧的形态和运动特性，为进一步探索和研究开关电弧的相关规律、指导新型低压开关电器的设计与开发提供新的手段和科学依据。

新能源、智能电网的发展促使开关电器向高性能、小型化和智能化方向发展。研究新型非介入式测试技术，获取开关电弧等离子体的空间形态和运动特性，对电弧在开断过程中的行为进行优化调控，进而提升开断性能，变得尤为迫切。.本项目基于磁成像逆问题，研究了开关电弧形态重构理论与关键技术，针对低压开关电器的结构特点，结合空气介质电弧等离子体的物理特性，分析了电弧空间形态与其磁场分布的相关性；考虑了灭弧室铁磁栅片的影响，建立了开关电弧磁成像的正问题和逆问题的二维、三维数学模型；基于模拟退火智能优化算法和正则化方法，以及启发式搜索技术，开发了求解开关电弧磁成像逆问题的一系列算法，实现了电弧进入栅片前单段电弧、进入栅片后多段电弧磁成像逆问题的求解和电弧运动特征的提取；研究了不同正则化参数优化选取准则，分析了实际测量系统中信噪比、磁场测量平面的距离以及测量空间维数等因素对解的影响。构建了集成化的开关电弧磁光学测试装置，解决了大面积激光成像的干涉问题，提出了非均匀光束的参数标定方法，设计了相应的图像数据转化算法，实现了开关电弧磁场分布的实时测量；开发了磁传感器阵列式开关电弧磁成像测试装置，解决了384通道多路同步采样和信号完整性等问题，实现了高速、高精度的磁场分布测量；构建了包括LC振荡回路和磁成像系统在内的开关电弧磁成像理论和技术的实验研究平台，通过实验，证实了电弧形态与周围磁场分布的相关性，验证了所提出电弧磁成像逆问题模型和求解算法的正确性。.通过上述研究，进一步丰富和完善了基于磁成像逆问题的开关电弧形态重构的理论与方法体系，所开发的开关电弧磁成像测试装置和逆问题求解算法，作为一种新型的诊断手段，为开关电弧调控机理研究和开关电器性能优化提供有力支撑。磁成像诊断技术是一种非介入式检测方法，具有独特技术优势和良好应用前景，可以推广应用于等离子体诊断、储能/燃料电池及超导体的内部电流分析、医学诊断等领域。