山西省煤矸石山区丛枝菌根真菌多样性研究

Vegetation restoration of coal spoil heaps is important in land reclamation of mine area, and is one of research areas have received great concern in degraded ecosystems and restoration ecology. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had played better ecological effects in vegetation recovery of coal mining areas, AM fungi species in theoretical study seldomly derived from coal mine soil in China, so isolation and screening valuable mycorrhizal fungi from mine areas has a strong practical value. This project intends to investigate species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and vegetation in coal mine heaps of Shanxi province, select more efficient strains which conducive to the survival and growth of plants growed in coal mine spoil, then exploring mechanism of this AM fungi. Finally establishing resource pool of AM fungi species at the coal mine heaps in Shanxi and obtaining efficient strains and herb species. The purpose of this reserch is to provide valuable AM fungi strains to theoretical and applied studies in vegetation restoration of spoil mine areas, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the ecological reconstruction of coal mine areas in north China.

煤矿矸石山的植被恢复是矿区土地复垦的重要内容，也是退化生态系统与恢复生态学上极为关注的研究领域之一。丛枝菌根真菌在煤矿区植被恢复中发挥着较好的生态效应，然而在我国理论研究及实际应用中所选用的AM真菌却极少来源于煤矿区土壤，从矿区分离和筛选逆境适应性强的菌根真菌具有极强的实用价值。本课题拟对我国重要煤产区山西省煤矸石山中丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性及植被多样性进行调查，进而筛选出更有利于植物在煤矸石基质中生存和生长的优势菌株，对煤矸石山区AM真菌的作用机制进行探讨，最终建立山西省煤矸石山区AM真菌菌种资源库，并筛选出具有较强生态适应能力的高效菌株，以期为矿区植被恢复理论和应用研究提供优良菌种，为我国北方煤矿区生态重建提供理论依据和技术支持。

丛枝菌根真菌在煤矿区植被恢复中发挥着较好的生态效应，从矿区分离和筛选逆境适应性强的菌根真菌具有极强的实用价值。本课题对我国重要煤产区山西省煤矸石山中丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性及植被多样性进行了调查，获得了矸石山主要优势植物共生的菌种资源，筛选出了更适应矸石基质生存条件的高效菌株，初步对煤矸石山菌种作用机制做了探讨，结果表明：.（1）煤矸石山植被种类单一，盖度低，禾本科和菊科植物占优势，其中狗尾草、苍耳、黄花蒿、猪毛菜、虎尾草、马唐、鬼针草等植物抗逆性极强，在矸石山恢复初期常见，均是菌根植物。煤矸石山上优势植物菌根侵染率表现为禾本科>豆科>菊科，植物根围孢子密度表现为禾本科最高。.（2）利用illumina miseq高通量测序技术对AMF物种多样性检测，在煤矸石山优势植物根内共发现9个属，34个菌种，265个OUT序列，其中有19个未报道的OTU，其中球囊霉属Glomus所占比例最高。同菊科和豆科植物相比禾本科植物根系中AMF菌种种类最多，物种多样性最高。.（3）在煤矸石基质中我们筛选出23个高效菌株，可以较好地提高矸石山栽培植物的抗逆性，为煤矸石山植被有效恢复提供了良好的菌种资源。.（4）矸石山AMF菌种对禾本科植物生长的促进作用要高于豆科植物，能够显著促进禾本科和豆科植物吸氮量的增加，提高禾本科植物磷含量，与禾本科植物共生的矸石山菌种菌根侵染率显著高于普通菌种。