鴴形目鸟类(Charadriiformes)分子进化的研究

In this study, we try to search phylogenetic relationships and classifica- tion of the Charadriiformes by DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial ctyb and ND6 gene in 15 species of Charadriiformes.Using the well-known PCR techniques, the complete mitochondrial Cyt b gene sequences were amplified and sequenced respectively from Charadrius mongolus, Charadrius alexandrinus, Numenius madagascariensis, Numenius arquat, Numenius phaeopus, Tringa tetanus, Tringa glareola, Xenus cineres, Arenaria interpres, Calidris tenuirostris, Recurvirostra avosetts and Haematopus ostralensis. The 1143bp long DNA sequences of the gene from these species were obtained, in which 381bp variable sites were identified without insertions or deletions. The nucleic acid sequence variation of the mitochondrial Cyt b gene was 5.16%~16.1% among these species. Constructed phylogenetic trees with Ciconia ciconia as the outgroup indicate that the 12species of Charadriiformes examined in this study are clustered in two major clades. The first clade includes T. tetanus, T. glareola, A. interpres, C. tenuirostris, X. cineres, N. madagascariensis, N. arquata and N. phaeopus. The second one includes C. mongolus, C. alexandrinus, R. avosetts and H. ostralensis.Our molecular data show that the phylogenetic relationships among species of Scolopacidae are consistent with the classification based on morphological studies; R. avosetts and H. ostralensis are relatively closer forming a sister group, and then form paraphyletic group with a sister group which comprised of C. mongolus and C. alexandrinus. The results support Sibley's opinion of assigning R. avosetts and H. ostralensis which form Recurviro- strinae as a taxon of the Charadriidae, and the Charadriidae dividing into two sub-family: Recurvirostrinae and Charadriinae respectively.Using PCR technique and plasmid clone sequencing method, complete fragments of the mitochondrial ND6 gene were amplified and sequenced from Charadrius mon- golus, Charadrius alexandrinus, Pluvialis squatarota, Numenius madagascariensis, Numenius arquat, Numenius phaeopus, Tringa tetanus, Tringa glareola, Tringa nabularia, Xenus cineres, Arenaria interpres, Limosa lapponica, Calidris tenuirostris Calidris aucminata and Recurvirostra avosetts. 522bp gene fragments from these species were obtained, in which 214bp variable sites were identified, without insertions or deletions. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the examined in this study are clustered in two major clades. The first clade includes C. mongolus, C. aleandrinus, P. squatarola and R. avosetts. The second is comprised of the 11species of Scolopacidae which form a large lineage within the phylogenetic tree. Our molecular data show R. avosetts is relatively closer to the Charadriidae, which supports Sibley's idea of assigning R. avosetts as a taxon of the Charadriidae; Within the 11 species of Scolopacidae, the 3 species of Numenius, 3 species of Tringa,2 species of Calidris and the X. cineres and A. interpres sister group show relatively close relationships, a result consistent with morphological classification. In additional, we suggest that Pluvialis and Limosa promote to form two new subfamilies; the Pluvialiinae and Limosnae respectively.

本项研究采用线粒体DNA限制性片段长度多态技术（RFLP）、随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术、ISSR指纹技术和线粒体基因（细胞色素b、12SrRN和ND4）序列分析技术，对鴴形目鸟类的系统分类以及起源演化做一深入的研究。该项研究为首创性工作，在同类研究中处于国际领先水平，对推动我国鸟类分子进化和分子生态学研究将起到积极的作用。