觅食地食源生物量对东方白鹳（Ciconia boyciana）食物结构及育雏的影响

The food chain is one of the key indicators to reflect the ecosystem structure and biological characteristics, is an important factor to deeply understand the population dynamics, material cycle and ecosystem function. However at present, the study on the food structure of wetland birds is very limited, it is difficult to link the wetland birds and wetland ecosystems through the food chain, which will affect the correlational research of wetland function restoration and biodiversity protection. This project plans to select the Oriental White Stork which is the representative wetland bird as the study object, to select the Sanjiang Plain as the study area, to study the influencing mechanism systematically which different foraging sites affect on the food structure of the Oriental White Stork; through sampling and the isotope analysis of various food sources and nestling feathers, to restore the food chain structure of the Oriental White Stork; by constructing the forecasting model of food resource contribution degree, to reveal the food structural feature of the Oriental White Stork in brood time and the important food resources; base on the satellite remote sensing and field investigation, the study aims to evaluate the total amount of food of the Oriental White Stork in foraging sites, and on the basis to discuss the brooding influence on the Oriental White Stork. The study will be helpful to deeply understand the relationship between the Oriental White Stork and wetland ecosystem in China on the level of energy and material flow, to reveal the potential effects and influence of the habitats on the species, to perfect the habitat evaluation system and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of the Oriental White Stork population protection mechanism.

食物链是反映生态系统结构与生物特征的关键指标之一，是深入认知种群动态、物质循环、生态系统机能的重要因素。但目前关于湿地鸟类食物结构的研究还很有限，难以通过食物链将湿地鸟类与湿地生态系统相关联，进而影响湿地功能修复与生物多样性保护的相关研究。本项目拟选择东方白鹳为研究对象、三江平原为研究地区，采用野外对比研究的方法，系统研究不同觅食地对东方白鹳食物结构的影响机制；通过多种食源与雏鸟羽毛的采样与同位素分析，还原东方白鹳的食物链结构；通过构建食源贡献度预测模型，揭示东方白鹳亲鸟在育雏期的食物结构特征及重要食源；基于卫星遥感配合实地调查，评估东方白鹳觅食地食源生物量，并在此基础上探讨对东方白鹳的育雏影响。此研究将有助于从能量与物质流动层面上深入认识我国东方白鹳与湿地生态系统之间的关系，揭示觅食地对物种潜在的作用及影响，完善生态系统评价体系，为优化东方白鹳种群保护机制提供科学依据。

本研究旨在（1）揭示东方白鹳在育雏期的食物结构；（2）阐明东方白鹳的食物结构与食源生物量之间的关系；（3）探讨食源生物量对育雏的影响。在过去三年调查期内（2018-2020），于三江自然保护区捕获并采集东方白鹳幼鸟羽毛样本36份，收集各类动植物样品946个，并进行了碳氮同位素分析。分析内容涉及植物6种、鱼类5种、软体类2种、节肢类1种、两栖类1种、昆虫3种。经SIAR模型预测呈现同巢相近、异巢相异的结果，与预期相符。对研究对象地的鸟类组成进行了调查和分析，利用卫星遥感和冗余分析筛选土地利用类型对不同鸟类的影响，并建立了鸟类多样性指数与土地利用类型的回归方程。结果表明：水田、旱田、沼泽、林地、河流对鸟类生物多样性影响贡献较大。在食物资源紧缺条件下，鸟类对农田与天然栖息地之间的选择倾向没有出现明显差异。尝试对东方白鹳幼鸟进行短期追踪并评估了空间位置信息的精度，为后续研究的开展奠定了基础。课题执行期间参加国内外学会2次，产出论文1篇，专利3项，设定指标圆满完成。