利用高度有序的有机纳米结构阵列提高聚合物光伏器件效率及其机理研究

Highly ordered organic nano-structured arrays will be grown by using vapor-phase deposition or template growth method and applied in polymer solar cells (PSCs). PSCs with highly ordered organic nano-structured arrays and polymer interpenetrating structure are expected to improve the photo-induced excitation dissociation efficiency as well as improve the carrier transport and collection efficiency. The specific research contains: ① Preparation of high carrier mobility nano-sized organic semiconductor materials. By using interfacial template layer and/or external electric field or magnetic field, etc., to control the molecular orientation and nano-growth direction of the nano-materials, we will prepare highly ordered nano-structured organic arrays with high carrier mobility, which will be applied in photo-active layer, nano-electrode or interfacial modification layer in PSCs. We will also investigate and simulate the growth kinetics of organic nano-structured arrays and optimize the arrays. ② The prepared highly ordered organic nano-structured arrays will be applied in photo-active layer, nano-electrode, or electrode interface in PSCs. We will investigate the effect of molecular orientation and growth direction of nano-materials to PSCs performance. A systematic study for the interpenetrating contact interface between organic nano-arrays and polymer thin film will be focused to improve the interface property. We will also investigate and analysis the exciton generation, diffusion, dissociation mechanisms in the interpenetrating structure. Finally, we will establish a theoretical photon-to-electron model for the new structured PSCs and optimize device performance.

采用气相沉积法、模板法生长高度有序的有机纳米结构阵列并将其应用于聚合物光伏器件，制备有机纳米阵列与聚合物薄膜互穿交织的结构，以期同时提高光生激子的解离效率和载流子的输运和收集效率。具体研究内容为：①制备高载流子迁移率纳米尺度的有机半导体材料，引入界面引导或外部电场、磁场控制等方法控制纳米材料生长的分子排列取向及纳米生长方向，制备可应用于聚合物光伏器件活性层、纳米电极或界面修饰层的具有高载流子迁移率纳米尺度的有序结构阵列。研究分析有机纳米结构阵列的生长动力学过程并对其进行模拟及优化。②将制备的有机纳米结构阵列引入聚合物光伏器件，应用于活性层、纳米电极或电极修饰界面，研究纳米材料分子排列方向及生长取向对器件性能的影响，对聚合物与有机纳米阵列构成的互穿网络结构的接触界面进行系统研究，改善互穿网络的接触紧密度，并对互穿体系中激子的产生、扩散、解离机制进行分析，建立光动力学模型并优化器件。

结合项目的研究内容，研究目标，我们主要做了以下的工作：探究了银纳米颗粒掺入电极修饰层提高聚合物光伏器件的光电转换效率。高效率聚合物光伏器件中，聚乙二醇聚氧乙烯缓冲层改良了电极层的导电性能。喷枪喷雾沉积法制备大面积聚合物太阳能电池。利用正交溶液法旋涂聚合物/富勒烯双层，探究P3HT光吸收强度下降的原因。采用三元体系同时改良了聚合物太阳能电池的短路电流，开路电压和填充因子。同时优化光子俘获和相分离提高小分子三元体系太阳能电池的效率。氯化钠甲醇溶液旋涂制备体异质结聚合物太阳能电池。通过活性层自聚集制备背电极增加具有随机微枪结构聚合物太阳能电池的转换效率。通过制备水醇共溶的共轭高分子阳极缓冲层来提高光探测器的灵敏度加快响应速度。氯化铯甲醇溶液对有机聚合物太阳能电池的影响。