可编程超材料漏波天线波束方向的连续性趋近的控制机理的研究

Programmable Metamaterials (MTM), firstly proposed in 2014, is regarding digitalizing EM (Electromagnetic) properties by using binary codes such as “0”and “1”, and by combining states of periodical units, we obtain sequences to describe the EM properties. The academic contribution of programmable Metamaterials is that it describes the EM property that is analog signal with digital format. Using programmable MTM indeed obtains the digital-described EM property, but these EM properties are discrete, and not compatible to the requirements of continuously bean scanning, which is essential to the next generation communication. ..In this proposal, we deal with the approaching mechanism from discrete beam scanning to continuously beam scanning with the programmable MTM-based leaky-wave antenna model. We use the method of sampling and inversion to sample the theoretically continuously scanning radiation patterns to discrete scanning firstly, then inversely deduce the MTM coding sequences and the MTM design. Especially, because of the relationship between the MTM leaky-wave design and the phase constant β is certain we propose programmable β in the sampling function, so as to easily deduce the EM design from the sampled discrete beam scanning. In order to increase the inversely deduce flexibility, we propose a MTM unit with 16 tunable states, so that we can employ the Binary system, Ternary system,…,16 hex code to study the relationship between the programmable phase constant β with MTM leaky-wave design. In this proposal, we focus on two scientific questions: (1) what is the sampling function to sample the theoretical leaky-wave MTM antenna radiation from continuously scanning to discrete scanning, (2) What is the relationship between programmable phase constant β, coding sequences and the MTM design of each unit. The research target is to explore how discrete radiation scanning gradually approach the continuously scanning, to clarify how the programmable sequences, unit cell design, different code systems, and bit significance affect the approaching, revealing the principle of designing programmable MTM, so as to make the programmable antenna to be compatible to the next-generation smart communications.

可编程超材料为2014年拓展的热门研究方向，它将电磁性能以数字化的方式表述。然而，它通过数字编码组合而实现的电磁性能是离散而不连续的，不适应未来通信连续、广域、和智能覆盖的需求。该课题基于本人之前的研究，采用抽样法和反演法进一步深入探索其辐射波束方向由离散向连续趋近的控制机理。在理论方面，本研究结合超材料漏波天线的特点，提出包含可编程相位常数β因子的抽样函数，将超材料漏波天线理想模型理论上的波束连续性抽样离散化以便于反演电磁设计。在技术方面，该研究提出16种状态可调的超材料单元来研究不同编码进制、不同编码位权重与可编程相位常数β的关系。本课题聚焦两个关键科学问题：（1）构建用于离散化的抽样函数；（2）可编程相位常数β、电磁单元，以及可编程编码之间关联的建模和理论分析。该课题探索电磁特性从离散到连续性的趋近的机理，以契合未来智能通信的应用。

可编程超材料将电磁性能以数字化的方式表述，在面向5G/6G通信“空天海地”和“万物互联”的新体制天线中具有重要应用价值。本课题研究面向5G/6G通信、基于超材料的周期性特性，研究超材料可编程特性与天线特性之间的关系，主要研究内容包含以下几个方面：.1）.可编程二进制编码与超材料天线波束扫描性能之间关系的研究.2）.可编程二进制编码与超材料天线零阶谐振性能之间关系研究.3）.AiP超宽带毫米波天线研究.获得以下主要学术研究成果：.a）提出基于二极管0/1即开和关两种状态，研究将阵列天线阵因子引入N个周期性电磁超材料，提出数字调制阵因子方法（DMAF），构建2N个不同二进制编码与天线波束扫描指向之间的线性关系，代表性论文发表于IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation上。.b）基于PIN Diodes二极管，研究其阻抗非线性特性，首次提出了基于二极管“0”和“1”之间的阻抗的非线性变化，将其应用于超材料天线的频率谐振点可编程调控，实现了均匀的动态频谱调控，解决了频率调控盲区的问题。本研究工作于sub-6G频段，可应用于IoT的一些可调谐的窄带场景，比如智能停车，智能电表等场景。.c）提出扇出晶圆封装（FOWLP）制造技术，基于上下双分布层，制造高互连金属柱（800μm）,实现双极化、超宽带（25-43 GHz），±40°波束扫描的磁电偶极子AiP天线，覆盖大部分的5G mmWave天线工作频段。本论文被张跃平教授、毛军发院士AiP天线综述文章 (DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2019.2933267)引用（文献[159]）。.d) 专利“一种谐振分辨率可调天线”，专利号ZL201810564428.7，转让于科技公司，实现成果转化。