基于天然废弃植物原料的生物降解性聚氨酯材料

With the rapid development of polymer industry, the sustainable development of polymer materials is more and more urgent. There are two bottleneck problems to sustainable development, one of which is the replacement of raw materials, another is the biodegradation after abandon. From 1990 to 1996, Dr. Ge begun to pay attention to this field, especially to the application of biomass in biodegradable polyurethane. After repatriation, Dr. Ge lucubrated the utilizations of other biomass, and carried out the studies of liquefied mechanism, liquefied condition controlling and the degradable mechanism of biomass polyurethane. All the works mentioned above opened up a novel way for department..The group used the acid catalyst system to modify waste natural biomass to liquefaction, which can be prepared to different kinds of biodegradable polyurethane with high affixation. The advantage of acid system liquefaction is the unliquefied filling can be used to enhance the performance of polyurethane, which don't need the additional separate and purification. This not only avoids the energy waste, but also realizes the pollution free in the whole liquefaction process..The group chosed bark, bagasse, wasted canapina fibre, reed fibre and other wasted biomass, such as cornstalk, corn cob, straw and tikitiki, as subjects investigated. The conditions of liquefaction and polyurethane synthesis vary with biomass differing because of their different chemical constitutions. On the basis of vegetable fiber liquefaction investigation, we adjusted the liquefacient ratio, reaction temperature and time to obtain the optimal liquefaction product. Then, we adjust the conditions of polyurethane synthesis, such as adjusting the DI index, the kinds of assistant reagents and the reagents ratio, to obtain biodegradable polyurethane materials according to different demands..The biodegradation mechanism of biomass polyurethane is very complex because of the complexity of biomass and variety of microorganism, and there is no authoritative standard of test and evaluation. The polyurethane from tannin was selected for indoor soil burial test, in order to study the biodegradation mechanism. The results indicated that the weight loss of WT-PU increased during the degradation. And the half-life of WT-PU was about 39 months based on the weight loss. The loss of compressive strength changed just as the weight loss of WT-PU. The samples after 24-month treated had become very fragile, and couldn't be for the mensuration of compressive properties. For the farther investigation of changes of biomass polyurethane during the biodegradation, the hydrogen changes in WT-PU had also been studied. The hydrogen bond in WT-PU was weakened after degradation,and this could enhance biodegradability of the PU foams by soil microorganism for present of WT..Furthermore, it was found that WT-PU retained the bacteriostatic activity of WT to some pathogens, and the activity increased with the enhancement of WT. Thus the bacteriostatic activity was introduced into WT-PU,and this could enhanced the material's affixation. So the bacteriostasis of WT and WT-PU was studied outside of the plan..

以黑荆树,丝柏和杉木薯皮,甘蔗渣等植物废料为原料,通过对其液化机理和液化生成物性质难芯?制备运用于包装,家具,汽车行业等用途的高附加值的生物降解性聚氨酯材料,并通过寥牢⑸锛澳静母嗑圆牧仙锝到饣硌芯课牧仙杓铺峁├砺垡谰?并对植物原料所形成的聚氨脂的化学降解行为的研究,为材料的化学回收利用提供可能.