基于闪烁体光纤探头的中子测量“辐射鼻”系统开发与方法研究

"Radiation nose" is the new technology which referenced from "electronic nose" technology and developed in recent years, it is usually based on semiconductor devices. "Radiation nose" based on scintillator fiber detectors will be tried to develop firstly in the world and tried to apply to measuring neutron energy spectrum in nuclear reactors. Neutrons with different energy in reactors can be "smelled" by neutron converters and scintillations locating on the tips of fibers by this technology. Every detector is sensitive to neutrons with different energies, so the energy spectrum can't be gotten by one neutron radiation detect optical fiber. But the process of smelling of animal noses can be used to solve this problem. There are many kinds of olfactory cells in an animal nos. Every cell is crossly sensitive to the different gas molecules. The character of "crossly sensitive" is used by the brain. So the correct information about flavor can be gotten through special data processing by brain. The "radiation nose" composed of 64 optical fibers will be used to detect neutrons. And the neutron energy spectrum will be gotten through simulating the process of brain handing flavor information by the neural network algorithm and genetic algorithm.. The "optical fiber neutron radiation nose" is small, so it needs only one time exposure for measuring the energy spectrum at a location in a reactor. It is superior to activation foils technology that need exposure and unfold spectrum many times for avoiding interference each other. The complex spectrum can be unfolded quickly by neural network algorithm, so the online measurement can be realized. The technology would be a new contribution to neutron energy spectrum measurement study if it were success.

“辐射鼻”是近年来辐射监测领域借鉴“电子鼻”技术发展起来的新技术，通常基于半导体器件。本项目则在国内外首次尝试研制基于闪烁体光纤探头的“辐射鼻”并利用其测量反应堆内中子能谱。闪烁体光纤探头通过位于光纤前端的中子信号转换物和闪烁体测量中子。因单个探头对多种能量的中子敏感，利用一条光纤并不能得到能谱。借鉴动物鼻内有多种嗅觉细胞，各细胞对不同气体分子交叉敏感，由大脑将该特性加以利用，可获得正确气味信息的过程，利用多条不同测量光纤并通过基于人工智能的数据处理过程，可获取能谱。本项目拟采用64条微细光纤探测器构成中子测量“辐射鼻”，通过神经网络算法及遗传算法获取能谱。“辐射鼻”测量反应堆某位置的能谱只需一次辐照即可，与因材料多且避免相互干扰需要多次辐照及解谱的活化片测量技术相比，本方法具有优越性，且相应算法可快速解复杂谱，可实现在线测量。本技术如成功，对中子能谱测量学研究将是新贡献。

“辐射鼻”是近年来辐射监测领域借鉴“电子鼻”技术发展起来的新技术，通常基于半导体器件。本项目则在国内外首次尝试研制基于闪烁体光纤探头的“辐射鼻”并利用其测量反应堆内中子能谱。闪烁体光纤探头通过位于光纤前端的中子信号转换物和闪烁体测量中子。因单个探头对多种能量的中子敏感，利用一条光纤并不能得到能谱。借鉴动物鼻内有多种嗅觉细胞，各细胞对不同气体分子交叉敏感，由大脑将该特性加以利用，可获得正确气味信息的过程，利用多条不同测量光纤并通过基于人工智能的数据处理过程，可获取能谱。本项目采用了72条φ20μm直径的光纤探测器构成中子测量“辐射鼻”，通过神经网络算法算法获取能谱。获得的能谱与理论计算结果在可接受的范围内一致，测量一次时长约为30分钟。“辐射鼻”测量反应堆某位置的能谱只需一次辐照即可，与因材料多且避免相互干扰需要多次辐照及解谱的活化片测量技术相比，本方法具有优越性，且相应算法可快速解复杂谱，可实现在线测量。