基于无线传感器网络的高速列车运营环境监测理论与方法研究

The monitoring of high-speed train operating environment is an important support for the high-speed railway safety operation. Wired monitoring technology is adopted by the most of the operating environment monitoring system currently. For the complexity of the operating environment of the high-speed train, it made that the maintenance of the wired monitoring system is very difficult. With the development of the theory and technology of wireless sensor networks, the operating environment monitoring of high-speed train sets theory and method based on wireless sensor networks was proposed. Four aspects of the high-speed train lines and its surrounding operating environment, train, railway stations, combined with the characteristics of wireless sensor networks, this items studied the operating environment of the high-speed train; studied the topological framework and model based on a variety of type wireless sensor networks; researched the theory and technology for the operating environment of the high-speed train based on the wireless sensor networks; studied the early warning model of environment monitoring system; verified the experimental and theoretical methods of monitoring systems based on the wireless sensor networks; build a security system for the safety of the high-speed train operation. The task has important theoretical significance and practical value for the safe operation of high-speed train.

高速列车运营环境安全监测是保障高铁安全运行的重要支撑。目前运营环境监测系统大多采用有线监测技术。高速列车运营环境的复杂性，使得基于有线监测系统的实施、维护非常困难。随着无线传感网络理论技术的发展，提出基于无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)的高速列车运营环境监测成套理论和方法。针对高速列车线路及其周边运营环境、列车、车站四方面，结合WSN特点，研究高速列车运营环境监测体系；研究支持多种无线技术和多种类型传感器混合组网的拓扑结构和模型；研究针对高速列车运营环境监测的WSN构建理论和技术；研究基于WSN高速列车运营环境监测系统架构；研究高速列车运营环境监测系统预警模型；基于WSN高速列车运营环境监测系统试验和理论方法验证；构建面向高速列车运营安全的保障体系。课题的研究对高速列车安全运营具有重要理论意义和实用价值。

高速列车运营环境监测是保障高铁安全运行的重要支撑。目前运营环境监测系统大多采用有线监测技术。由于高速列车运营环境的复杂性，导致基于有线监测系统的实施、维护非常困难。通过对影响高速列车运营线路的复杂环境的研究，本项目完成了如下主要研究工作。第一，构建了基于WSN的高速列车运营环境监测系统体系架构，包括地面WSN架构、车载WSN架构、车地WSN架构、车站WSN架构等。第二，提出了高速列车运营环境监测下高可靠性的WSN理论方法和技术方案，包括典型场景下的无线信道模型、大规模传感器节点动态负载均衡和智能路由算法、多种类型传感器混合组网模型等。第三，建立了高速列车运营环境中WSN监测信息处理、融合及预测预警模型，包括信息实时处理模型、信息融合策略和算法、信息预警模型等。第四，搭建了三种环境监测系统：（1）基于WSN的车站运营环境监测系统，实现客运站站台、候车室各区域的环境在线监测，为照明和空调设备的开关状态提供了决策支持，为旅客提供舒适的乘车环境，达到了车站绿色环保与节能降耗的目的。（2）基于WSN的高速铁路周边环境监测系统，主要由地面采集子系统和车载监控子系统构成。与现有系统相比，更加安全、高效、低成本。（3）基于WSN的高速列车运营环境滑坡监测系统，利用GPS/北斗定位系统、GPS模拟差分定位算法和时间同步技术，通过阈值报警算法预警滑坡灾害。第五，利用大西高铁试验段试点和太原站进行了大量相关实验验证和实践应用。本项目研究成果对高速列车安全运营具有重要理论意义和实际价值。