具有多普勒容忍性的MIMO雷达相位编码波形设计方法研究

In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, phase coded waveforms have many advantages, such as flexible forms and high degree of freedom. For static targets, phase coded waveforms can obtain high range and Doppler resolution, however, they have Doppler sensitivity for moving targets. To be specific, even a small Doppler shift can introduce high rang side lobes and reduce the system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which is unfavorable for target detection. To solve this problem, the Doppler tolerant phase coded waveform design method is researched in this proposal. For waveforms of various structures, the specific representations of Doppler tolerance in waveform design are researched. By considering constant modulus and similarity constraints, the key problem of building reasonable optimization models are solved. Finally, the equivalent or approximate transforms of the modes are studied, and the efficient and robust algorithms are designed to obtained the Doppler tolerant phase coded waveforms. This research can improve the detection performance of MIMO radar, extend the applications of phase coded waveforms, and lay a theoretical and technical foundation for the development of MIMO radar detection technology.

MIMO雷达相位编码波形具有形式灵活、自由度高等优点，对于静止目标具有很高的距离和多普勒分辨率。然而对于运动目标具有多普勒敏感性，较小的多普勒频移就会引入较高的距离旁瓣，从而降低了系统的信噪比，不利于目标检测。针对该问题，本项目拟开展对具有多普勒容忍性的相位编码波形设计方法的研究。针对不同结构的相位编码波形，研究多普勒容忍性在波形设计中的具体表征问题。综合考虑恒模约束和相似性约束，解决建立合理优化模型的关键问题。研究模型的等效或近似转化，提出快速稳健的求解算法，设计出具有多普勒容忍性的波形。本项目的研究将有助于提高MIMO雷达的目标检测性能，扩展相位编码波形的应用范围，为MIMO雷达探测技术的发展奠定理论和技术基础。

新体制雷达的发射波形具有形式灵活、自由度高等优点，良好的波形设计对于提升雷达系统的探测性能起到至关重要的作用。本项目在约束优化理论的基础上，围绕雷达波形设计、协方差矩阵估计和雷达通信一体化展开工作。针对发射波形和滤波器组设计中，通常需要目标的先验信息，且不具有鲁棒性的问题，在假定目标多普勒移位未知的条件下，在无距离模糊且依赖于信号的杂波背景下，提出了一种发射波形和接收滤波器组的鲁棒设计方法；针对协方差矩阵估计算法需要大量的平稳均质的二次数据的问题，遵循几何模式，提出了一种迭代方法来估计Toeplitz结构的协方差矩阵。利用多载波波形，研究了雷达通信一体化系统中目标定位估计的克拉美罗界的问题。证明了系统的附加误差，即通信传输误差，主要由通信信道条件和可用发射功率决定，通过发射和接收波束形成的交替迭代技术可以提高估计精度。本项目的开展对于雷达探测技术的发展奠定了理论和技术基础。