道德与净脏：具身隐喻映射及其神经机制

The clean-dirty metaphors of moral concepts emphasize the connection between body cleanliness and morality, dirty body and immorality as well. However, some studies have emphasized the cultural background of clean-dirty metaphors , which can easily lead to the unification of the research findings on the the clean-dirty metaphors of the moral concepts. In recent years, researchers have underlined the influence of the types and situations of the clean-dirty metaphors on ethical decision making, but it is lack of empirical researches , the discussion of neural mechanism and Chinese native culture verification and practical intervention. In this study, We aim to adopt Chinese cultural group to explore the psychological reality of the clean-dirty metaphors of moral concepts; investigating the mapping bias of clean-dirty metaphors of moral concepts under the environment and self clean-dirty conditions；revealing the differences of the environment and self clean-dirty of moral concepts on ethical decision making; exploring the situation of the mapping for clean-dirty metaphors of the moral concepts; clarifying the juvenile delinquents’ dynamic change of clean-dirty metaphors of moral concepts after training intervention; confirming accordingly the above five studies on the basis of nerve mechanism.The study will deepen the relationship between body, cognition and brain function, expanding the theoretical basis of the clean-dirty metaphors of moral concepts, and provide the basis of electroencephalogram (EEG) for the study of the clean-dirty metaphors of moral concepts . It also lays the foundation for the universality and difference of the clean-dirty metaphors of moral concepts in the Chinese cultural group, and provides the intervention basis for constructing the clean metaphors of moral concepts of special groups under the Chinese cultural background..Key words: empathy; prosocial behavior; meta-analysis; moderate effect

道德概念净脏隐喻理论强调，身体洁净与道德关联、身体肮脏与不道德关联。已有研究强调道德概念净脏隐喻的西方文化背景研究，容易导致道德概念净脏隐喻研究结果的一元化。近年来，研究者强调净脏类别和情境对道德决策的影响，但缺乏实证研究及其神经机制的探讨，也缺乏中国本土文化验证及其实践干预。本研究以中国文化群体为被试，探讨道德概念净脏隐喻的心理现实性；考察环境和自身净脏条件下道德概念净脏隐喻映射偏向；揭示道德概念环境和自身净脏影响道德决策的差异；探究道德概念净脏隐喻映射的情境性；阐明实施干预训练后犯罪青少年道德概念洁净隐喻的动态改变；并在神经基础上对以上五个研究做出相应印证。研究将深化身体—认知—大脑功能之间关系，扩展道德概念净脏隐喻理论基础，为道德概念净脏隐喻研究提供脑电生理依据，也为道德概念净脏隐喻在中国文化群体中的普适性和差异性奠定基础，更为构建中国文化背景下特殊群体道德概念净脏隐喻提供干预依据。

道德概念净脏隐喻理论强调，身体洁净与道德关联、身体肮脏与不道德关联。已有研究强调道德概念净脏隐喻的西方文化背景研究，容易导致道德概念净脏隐喻研究结果的一元化。近年来，研究者强调净脏类别和情境对道德决策的影响，但缺乏实证研究及其神经机制的探讨，也缺乏中国本土文化验证及其实践干预。.本研究以中国文化群体为被试，探讨道德概念净脏隐喻的心理现实性；考察环境和自身净脏条件下道德概念净脏隐喻映射偏向；揭示道德概念环境和自身净脏影响道德决策的差异；探究道德概念净脏隐喻映射的情境性；阐明实施干预训练后犯罪青少年道德概念洁净隐喻的动态改变；并在神经基础上对以上五个研究做出相应印证。.主要研究结果：（1）道德概念的净脏隐喻具有心理现实性，洁净背景上个体识别道德词更快，肮脏背景上个体识别不道德词更快，隐喻不一致条件下会诱发更大的P300波幅、N400波幅；（2）道德概念净脏隐喻映射存在“干净和道德”“肮脏和不道德”的双向隐喻联结，且隐喻不一致比隐喻一致诱发更大的P300和N400波幅；（3）道德概念净脏隐喻对道德两难判断的影响存在自我和他人视角差异，与他人洁净启动相比，自我洁净启动下被试对道德两难判断更严苛，与他人肮脏行为启动相比，自我肮脏行为启动下被试对道德两难判断更宽松；（4）社会公益情境下，相比自身肮脏启动，自身洁净启动后正性道德词的反应时更快；社会受损情境下，与自身洁净启动相比，自身肮脏启动后负性道德词的反应时更快；（5）评价性条件反射法可有效干预道德概念环境洁净隐喻与道德概念自身洁净隐喻，道德概念自身洁净隐喻干预后实验组被试亲社会倾向得分显著高于控制组。.以上研究将深化身体—认知—大脑功能之间关系，扩展道德概念净脏隐喻的理论基础，为道德概念净脏隐喻研究提供脑电生理依据，也为道德概念净脏隐喻在中国文化群体中的普适性和差异性奠定基础，更为构建中国文化背景下群体的道德概念洁净隐喻提供干预依据。